Résumé: This study aims to track the course of fiscal policy and highlight its role in achieving economic diversification in Algeria during the period 2020-2022, in light of its reliance on the hydrocarbon sector, and given the importance of the relationship between the independent variables represented by fiscal policy tools, both expenditures and public revenues, on the dependent variable represented by economic diversification. The analytical and inductive approaches were used to measure the role of fiscal policy in achieving economic diversification, through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between the tools of fiscal policy represented by (public expenditures) and economic diversification, meaning that the expansionary spending policy followed by the Algerian authorities had a positive impact on diversifying the economic base in Algeria. On the other hand, it became clear that hydrocarbon revenues and non-hydrocarbon revenues, especially tax revenues, have witnessed a noticeable increase in recent years, but public revenues do not translate the regressive relationship with economic diversification, as they are statistically insignificant due to the fluctuation of oil revenues and prices and their role in causing structural imbalance in the economy. Therefore, fiscal policy tools contribute relatively to achieving economic diversification. Keywords: fiscal policy; economic diversification; Herfindahl-Hirschman index; ARDL model

Résumé: The study examined the impact of total factors productivity (TFP) on economic growth of the private sector during the period (2000-2016), through using annual time series data in order to estimate the production function of the private sector to show the contribution of(TFP) and other factors of production in this sector growth. the study main findings indicated that the production function of the private sector is characterized by capital intensity and weak labor productivity; as well as the limited role of technical progress in its growth. accordingly, the study calls for activating the private sector role; besides enhancing its participation in development due to its great potential, which can only be achieved through diversifying the economy and reducing dependency on the hydrocarbon sector.

Résumé: This study aims to highlight the role of economic control departments in protecting the Algerian consumer safety and the suppression of commercial fraud at the Regional Directorate of Commerce in the Annaba province, and the extent of the contribution of economic control agents and anti-fraud efforts in providing adequate protection for consumers and combating various forms of commercial fraud by imposing necessary penalties on violators. To achieve the study's goal, the descriptive and analytical methods, as well as the case study method, were used, as they are suitable for answering the study's problem. The study concluded that the Regional Directorate of Commerce in Annaba is committed to protecting consumers by deploying numerous control mechanisms that possess legal authority and the necessary material and human resources to protect consumers and combat commercial fraud in various ways to ensure transparency and integrity. The field study resulted that the economic control departments and anti-fraud efforts are keen on providing adequate protection for consumers, highlighting the importance of the control apparatus as a mechanism to combat fraud and illegal practices to ensure fair and transparent commercial practices, the coordination and awareness-raising work to ensure good management of the directorate’s supervisory activity. As suggestions for the study, there is a necessity for the continuous updating of laws and regulations to keep pace with current developments, it is essential adopting a faster pace in employing a larger number of field inspectors, increasing awareness and educational efforts towards all economic partners and consumers is crucial.

Résumé: This paper aimed to measure the effect of the level of insurance functions on costumer relationship management (CRM) in a sample survey of 513 individual in insurance companies (CAAR, CAAT, SAA, Alliance, SIAR, TRUST, others) in Annaba province. The field study concluded that there is awareness of the importance of CRM in the researched companies, given the nature of their service activities. The study resulted a significant correlation and impact of the application of insurance functions (pricing, underwriting, production and claims settlement) on the level of CRM from the perspective of the customers at a level of 5% of significance.

Résumé: This study aims to present the economic reality of the Algerian services sector in light of national and international events economically, politically, and hygienically based on officialstatistics and publications. The study reached a positive impact of the improvement in the| financial position of the period 2001-2008 on the services sector, which helped this sector to face the global financial crisis of 2008, while it did not survive the difficult political and health situation for 2019, which led to an absolutely low performance mainly related to commerce, transport and communication

Résumé: This paper aimed to measure the effect of the creative solution of administrative problems on job satisfaction in a sample survey of 31 individual EVOLAB organization in Annaba province. The field study concluded that the creative thinking has an extreme importance on achieving the job satisfaction. Given the varying degree of job satisfaction by elements of satisfaction among the worker, and the convergence of the creative solution stages’ levels to the administrative problems in the organization; The study resulted a significant correlation and impact of the application of solution method on the level of job satisfaction of the institution’s employees at a level of 5% of significance. In light of the results of the study, the researcher proposed a set of recommendations that can create the appropriate environment to the job satisfaction; at the same time contribute to the development of creative thinking among employees in local organizations.

Résumé: استهدفت هذه الدراسة قياس أثر القطاع الخاص خارج المحروقات على النمو الاقتصادي في الجزائر للفترة 2000-2014 لقطاعات النشاطات (الصناعة، الفلاحة، الأشغال العمومية، النقل والاتصال، التجارة، والخدمات السياحية)، باستخدام منهج بيانات البانل (مزج بيانات السلسلة الزمنية مع بيانات المقاطع العرضية). وخلصت نتائج الدراسة الى أن نموذج التأثيرات المجمعة (PEM)، هو أحسن نموذج مقدر، حيث أظهر بأن القطاع الخاص خارج المحروقات يؤثر تأثيرا سلبيا ضعيفا على النمو الاقتصادي في الجزائر، و يرتبط به بعلاقة معنوية و ذات دلالة إحصائية ، عكسية ضعيفة جدا. وبأن لقطاع الخدمات السياحية التأثير السلبي الأكبر على النمو الاقتصادي، في حين أن لقطاع النقل والاتصال التأثير الإيجابي الأكبر. ولتفعيل هذا القطاع من أجل تعزيز النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق التنمية، تم ترتيب بعض الاستراتيجيات التي تتمحور حول إصلاحات جديدة وبرامج عصرنة هدفها تقوية القاعدة الصناعية والفلاحية والتجارية والسياحية والبنى التحتية، بما يسمح بتنويع النسيج الإنتاجي من السلع والخدمات خارج المحروقات.