Résumé: This paper explores how American literature of the 1960s reflects and shapes the era’s political, cultural, and racial transformations. Through a comparative study of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Malcolm X and Alex Haley, and by applying digital tools such as Voyant, the study reveals how literary language encodes claims for justice, and resistance. Using computer-assisted discourse analysis, it highlights the evolving narratives around race, power, and society. This interdisciplinary approach not only revisits key historical themes but also illustrates how literature—enhanced through digital methods—offers a vital perspective on collective memory and social change. Key words: 1960s America- African-American literature- Interdisciplinary research- Digital Humanities- Voyant Tools

Résumé: This article investigates the influence of the neoconservatives on the United States foreign policy towards the European Union after the 9/11 terrorist attacks through a quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study demonstrates the use of a mixed –method approach via the combination of discourse analysis and corpus linguistics and is carried out through a computer-assisted textual analysis and comparison of official documents issued by the George W. Bush administration after 9/11 and a number of neoconservative publications that were produced before September 11. The main finding of this study is that the similarities that exist between the official publications of the American administration and the neoconservative ones are significant. In fact, an important number of topics, key words and collocations are commonly used by both sides. The study therefore concludes that the neoconservatives constitute a highly influential interest group that did contribute in the making of the United States foreign policy towards the European Union after 9/11 in order to serve their vested interests. Keywords: Neoconservatism, interest groups, post-9/11 US foreign policy, the Quantitative Analysis, qualitative Analysis, computerassisted textual analysis

Résumé: Pluralism is a very old tradition that allows American non-state actors, such as interest groups and lobbies, to influence public policy. This article traces back the historical and ideological origins of a prominent interest group known as the “Neoconservatives,” and investigates, as well as analyses, the group’s strategies and objectives regarding US foreign policy under the George W. Bush Administration (2001-2009) after 9/11. The analysis of the neoconservatives ’ strategies and objectives reveals that American pluralism seems to have transformed into a means of promoting big government, and safeguarding the interests of a powerful and influential category in the society. Keywords: Neoconservatism, interest groups, post-9/11 US foreign policy, the Military Industrial Complex.

Résumé: With the pressing challenges that huge amounts of text data bring about in historical research, this chapter develops a hybrid machine learning approach that puts together natural language processing and topic modeling. Drawing on the Voyant Tools, a comparison is made between government documents and neoconservative publications with a view to assessing the effects the neoconservative ideology had upon U.S. foreign policy after the 9/11 attacks. A quantitative analysis of the selected corpora pointed to a number of common themes, including American interests, the use of force, and global security, whereas a qualitative analysis revealed a similar use of terms like "Europe" and "threat" in both corpora, but with slightly different nuances. Such findings suggest a potential influence of the neoconservative ideology on U.S. foreign policy post-9/11. The study also provides evidence of the capability of digital text analysis in identifying the connection between interest groups and policy actions. This methodological approach is therefore invaluable to the historian for studying large datasets in pursuit of precise patterns. Keywords: Digital Text Analysis, Voyant Tools, history, Neoconservatism, U.S. Foreign Policy

Résumé: The idea of "revolution" occupies a privileged place in the American history and culture, implying change for liberty. In this context, the paper tries to answer what a revolution constitutes by analyzing the American Revolution, which in fact achieved orderly change in establishing a new political order according to Enlightenment conceptions of democracy and self-government. Yet, the term at the same time has been subject to misuse and rewording -often used to support opposing ideals or to market commercial and political themes. From the Confederate use of revolutionary rhetoric to the commercialization of the term in popular culture, the word "revolution" has often had its radical soul stripped from it. The paper also discusses how, from the backlash against Reconstruction to the rise of those conservative movements that framed themselves as revolutionary in their resistance to progressive reforms, revolutionary change and the forces of counter-revolution have emerged throughout the course of American history. In contemporary America, the meaning of revolution is being reshaped by digital activism and cultural shifts. While the true spirit of revolution is one ideal that is still powerful, this paper argues that its meaning has been increasingly contested and diluted, raising critical questions about its relevance in modern American society Key words: concept revolution- american history- political culture-true meaning- misuse

Résumé: This study provides a historical survey of the vital role translation has played in the dissemination of Algerian culture within Britain, tracing a continuum from early diplomatic engagements through trade exchanges to modern educational incorporation. Drawing on historical records such as translated treaties—most notably the 1816 Anglo-Algerian Peace Treaty—and archival trade documents, the study highlights how translation facilitated not only political and commercial cooperation but also cultural interaction. The survey further examines the translation of seminal Algerian literary works, including those of Assia Djebar and Ahlem Mosteghanemi, which have been progressively incorporated into British academic syllabi, thereby introducing Algerian narratives and postcolonial identities to British students. This descriptive historical study underscores translation's dual function as both a practical tool in diplomacy and trade and as a potent cultural vehicle that nurtures intercultural understanding and enriches the British intellectual landscape. The findings demonstrate how translation, by bridging linguistic and cultural divides, has historically shaped and continues to influence the bilateral cultural relationship between Algeria and Britain

Résumé: Teaching English to translation students is of a paramount importance, but this task cannot be effective if it does not meet the requirements of the digital era where electronic intelligent devices are invading all scientific fields. This paper suggests the use of digital tools for text analysis for second year students (Semesters 3 and 4) in order to up date the teaching methods and to adapt them to the state of mind of today’s students. Voyant Tools is an example of an effective software used both in research and pedagogy. It is a free web-based platform that helps identifying key themes , visualizing word frequency, and exploring textual patterns. The study examines how the use of Voyant Tools can enhance the learning experience by providing interactive and engaging methods for text analysis, vocabulary building and comprehension. Through practical examples, the paper demonstrates how Voyant Tools can be effectively incorporated into English language classes in order to make learning more dynamic and to foster a deeper understanding of texts among the students of the translation department