Résumé: Background Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) is a transient elevation in blood glucose levels in response to acute stress, such as trauma. It is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR) and Glucose-to-Potassium Ratio (GPR) are emerging tools for distinguishing SIH from chronic hyperglycemia. This study aimed to assess the role of SHR and GPR in identifying SIH among non-diabetic trauma patients and to determine its prevalence and associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study (January–June 2025) at the University Hospital of Annaba. Adult non-diabetic trauma patients (≥ 18 years) were included; those with diabetes, corticosteroid therapy, or endocrine disorders were excluded. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data (glucose, HbA1c, electrolytes, renal function, CBC) were collected. SHR and GPR were calculated. Results Among 87 patients, SIH prevalence was 26.4%. SIH was significantly associated with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification II (ASA II) (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.07–7.61, p = 0.032) and comorbidities (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.23–4.95, p = 0.010). SIH patients had higher SHR (1.49 ± 0.32 vs. 1.05 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) and GPR (1.99 ± 0.64 vs. 1.46 ± 0.21, p < 0.001), with most exceeding prognostic thresholds (SHR > 1.14: 95.65% vs. 12.5%; GPR ≥ 1.67: 81.81% vs. 25%). Serum potassium was also higher (p = 0.010). No associations were found with age, sex, BMI, or injury severity. Conclusion SIH is common in non-diabetic trauma patients. SHR and GPR are practical biomarkers for identifying SIH, differentiating it from chronic hyperglycemia, and reflecting the acute stress response.