Résumé: This study aims to analyze the development of the reinsurance offering in Algeria by examining the evolution of national acceptances, primarily represented by the premiums accepted by the Central Reinsurance Company (CCR), and international acceptances by foreign reinsurance companies during the period (2010-2023). The study mainly employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The research concluded that, since the implementation of Executive Decree No. 10-207, the mandatory cession rate to the CCR has increased to 50%, leading to a rise in the volume of premiums accepted locally to over 90% of the CCR’s total activity. In contrast, international premiums did not exceed an average of 10%. Although national acceptances constitute the bulk of the CCR’s business, the company has achieved notable progress in the international market in recent years thanks to policies aimed at expanding its external activities. The dominance of the local market is attributed to the CCR's monopoly over national acceptances, enhancing its capacity to absorb major risks in the local market, particularly in the IARDT (Fire, Accidents, Miscellaneous Risks, and Transport) branch and natural disasters. However, the company faces challenges in the international market, including intense competition in Europe. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of developing the Algerian reinsurance market by updating the legislative framework and creating a competitive environment, which would enhance the ability of Algeria to manage risks more effectively locally and internationally.

Résumé: The insurance industry is a fundamental pillar of any developed economy, playing a vital role in providing financial protection for individuals, companies, and society as a whole. In the context of the economic and social changes that Algeria has experienced in recent decades, the study of the reality of the insurance industry becomes highly significant. This study aims to analyze the state of the insurance industry in Algeria during the period from 1995 to 2022 by examining legislative and regulatory aspects, market structure, and technical and financial activity. The descriptive method was employed to analyze data issued by the Ministry of Finance and the National Insurance Council. The study reached several conclusions, including the notable growth and development in the volume of insurance production, despite its weak contribution to the gross domestic product. It also highlighted the dominance of the property insurance sector and public insurance.

Résumé: Islamic Waqf (Endowment) focuses on investing in productive capital assets that generate benefits and revenues consumed in the future, whether collectively, such as benefits for mosques or schools, or individually, as distributions to the poor and needy. It is a process that combines both saving and investing. Within this context, this study aims to analyze the extent of the Waqf's contribution as an Islamic financial instrument to achieving local development in Algerian provinces through a case study of Annaba Province (eastern Algeria). To achieve the aforementioned objective, the researchers conducted a field study at the headquarters of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. Interviews were conducted with the head of Religious Guidance and Rites and Waqf and with the Director of Religious Guidance and Waqf Office at the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. A descriptive approach was used to present the theoretical framework and previous studies, in addition to analyzing and discussing various statistics that serve the topic and obtained from the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in the province. The study concluded that there is limited contribution of the Waqf in achieving local development in Annaba Province due to several reasons, the most prominent being the weak income of Waqf, digitization, community awareness, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting frameworks governing them, not to mention the failure of Qard al-Hasan (interest free loan) program. Based on the aforementioned results, the study recommends the necessity of collecting and inventorying existing Waqf properties, searching for lost ones, registering them, and their legal settlement, along with good marketing for them.

Résumé: Banking regulation is essential for the efficient functioning of banking activities and the optimal allocation of financial resources. It also plays a critical role in ensuring financial stability and safeguarding depositors by preventing banks from taking excessive risks and ensuring they maintain adequate liquidity to meet their obligations. These measures contribute to the development of the banking sector and enable banks to finance economic growth. This study seeks to examine the transformations in banking regulation over recent decades and their impact on the performance of the banking sector, focusing on the United States as a case study. To achieve this objective, a descriptive method was employed. The study found that banking regulation in the United States has undergone significant transformations, shifting from liberalization to increased restrictions. The global financial crisis of 2008 prompted regulators to tighten their frameworks, which, while initially having a slight negative impact on profitability, ultimately had a significant positive effect on the resilience of banks.

Résumé: Banks are institutions that play a significant role in the economy through the diverse financial products and services they offer. Given that they operate in a competitive environment, they are constantly striving to employ the best methods to withstand competition. Among the latest techniques widely adopted by banks today are various applications of artificial intelligence, with artificial neural networks being at the forefront. This paper explores the various uses of these neural networks in banks and the benefits these uses bring to the banking sector as a whole. Therefore, this study is presented as a qualitative study, relying on the descriptive approach to draw valuable conclusions on the subject by reviewing relevant previous literature closely related to the study topic. The research concluded that artificial neural networks are highly beneficial for banks as they contribute significantly to predicting various risks facing the bank, as well as providing many other advantages, which will be discovered in this paper.

Résumé: Financial markets are the backbone of the economy for many countries worldwide due to their importance in achieving balance within the overall financial system. They do this through various roles and tasks, such as hedging operations and managing different investments in financial instruments like stocks and bonds. This makes the management policies of financial markets significantly impact the financial environment specifically, and the global economy in general. The primary objective of this study is to clarify the role played by various government policies and procedures in improving the performance of financial markets and enhancing their contribution to the local economies of emerging countries, with a focus on the case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Equally important is the study’s aim to draw attention to ways to improve the performance of financial markets and provide an initial study on this topic, which is relatively new for Arab countries, where previous local studies remain scarce. On another level, diagnosing the governmental policies adopted in managing financial markets and revealing their various advantages and the challenges they face is highly beneficial for developing future strategies to advance these markets and enhance their competitiveness. To achieve this objective, an exploratory study was conducted based on various secondary sources, data, and reports issued by the Saudi Tadawul market. The study concluded that the different government measures adopted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as part of its vision during the period 2010-2030 had a positive impact on the Saudi financial market, which has notably improved despite the economic conditions and geopolitical crises the world is currently witnessing.

Résumé: Desert tourism has become a highly significant sector today, often described as tourism for the wealthy. This has prompted Algeria to focus on developing and enhancing this sector due to its substantial resources. Algeria is home to the second-largest desert in the world, covering two million square kilometers and offering golden sands, oases, ancient ruins, unique local heritage, distinctive geological sites, and rich biodiversity. These features highlight the need to prioritize this form of tourism and establish a strong policy framework for its development. This study aims to analyze the current state of desert tourism in Algeria and to identify its various resources and challenges. A descriptive approach was adopted, utilizing statistical analysis of relevant data and information, along with a review of previous studies. The findings indicate that, despite the diverse potential of the Algerian desert, tourism activities in desert areas remain minimal, even with the support provided by the Algerian government. This underscores the need for further measures to better utilize desert areas and contribute to economic growth.

Résumé: In 2023, startups in Algeria witnessed significant development, making them a promising sector for diversifying the Algerian economy and reducing dependence on hydrocarbons. This progress is due to various measures taken by the government, including the issuance of laws and regulations to support and accompany startups, the creation of electronic platforms for registering, protecting, and providing technical support to these enterprises, and the establishment of specific funding sources for startups. Within this framework, the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) has outlined a special program to contribute to this new direction by involving universities in supporting the creation of startups through Ministerial Decision No. 1275. This study aims to analyze and evaluate this new initiative adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education by examining several startup projects initiated by students as part of their graduation thesis discussions at the Faculty of Economic, Commercial, and Management Sciences (FSECSG) at Annaba University and the Higher School of Management Sciences (ESSG) in Annaba. The study concludes that this new vision adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education has several positive aspects that should be valued, including: supporting the linkage of Algerian universities with their socio-economic environment, supporting the local economy, and enhancing the level of Algerian universities. However, this new approach also has several weaknesses and negative points that need solutions, such as the lack of consideration in many startup projects for key aspects like SWOT analysis, legal aspects, and innovation. Additionally, the experience is generally new, resulting in a lack of an encouraging ecosystem for startups in Algeria.

Résumé: Background: Developing countries seek to eliminate external debt problems towards financial obligations with a view of alleviating the debt burden to avert economic volatility in the context of debt accumulation. Since the beginning of the 1970s, developing countries, including Algeria, have experienced rapid growth in external debt accumulation in an effort to finance domestic deficits and not enter into economic recession. All these reasons ignore the topic of external debt as an interesting topic of study. This study attempts to analyse and measure some of Algeria’s external debt indicators during the study period. Purpose: This research paper focuses on identifying the determinants of external debt in Algeria. Methods: The study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and cointegration test to analyze both short-and long-term relationships among the study variables from 1990 to 2021. Results: The findings show that the exchange rate and government spending significantly and positively impact external debt in the long run, whereas GDP per capita and foreign direct investment are significantly negatively correlated with external debt. The short-term results align with those of the long term. Conclusions: The paper advises that the Algerian government and other developing countries should assess their foreign debts, rationalize government spending, diversify their economies, and enhance their investment climates.

Résumé: The study aimed to determine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic development in Algeria in the short and long term by analyzing the incoming flows during the study period and demonstrating this effect by using the FARDL model. The study found that FDI positively affects the Gross domestic product (GDP) in the long term, meaning it contributes to increasing economic development, as well as in the short term, where FDI had a positive impact on the GDP, thereby contributing to the increase in economic development in Algeria.

Résumé: Despite the extensive economic literature on diaspora or migration and its negative impacts on origin economies, there is a growing trend among governments to explore mechanisms for leveraging this phenomenon to support economic development in the origin countries. This is particularly evident in efforts to encourage remittances and investment in financial instruments and products offered by institutions and governments of these countries. This study, within a descriptive and analytical framework, aims to examine the contribution of the diaspora in financing the economy, with a focus on the case of Nigeria, one of the African economies where the diaspora constitutes a significant percentage of the global migrant population. The study found that the diaspora plays a crucial role in financing the economy, whether through remittances or investments. However, there are several challenges and issues that need to be addressed to ensure the sustainability of diaspora financial flows to the origin countries.

Résumé: Local development is a fundamental process upon which the developmental policy of the state is based, as it is considered a basic starting point for achieving comprehensive national development. Local development relies on a participatory approach that ensures the involvement of all actors in bringing about development in a specific area. Since what may be suitable in one area may not be applicable in another, this study aims to examine the reality of local development in Annaba Province (the fourth largest city in Algeria) and to analyze the various efforts and obstacles to achieving local development in the province. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the descriptive method was used, and a field internship was conducted at the Directorate of Programming and Budget Follow-up in Annaba Province, where all statistics and information relevant to the topic were collected and analyzed. The study concluded with a key finding that despite all the efforts made to develop Annaba Province through municipal development plans (PCD), decentralized sectoral programs (PSD), various programs for recovering unused industrial land, supporting private investors, and encouraging entrepreneurial projects for youth, there are still many problems that need urgent solutions. The foremost of these problems include the high percentage of incomplete projects, bureaucracy, weak human resources, poor performance standards and criteria, and the lack of incentive systems.

Résumé: This study attempts to discuss the digitalization of Algeria's health care sector, focusing on public hospital institutions operating in Annaba province as a case study. To achieve the aforementioned objective, a descriptive methodology was employed, utilizing various data, statistics, and reports relevant to the topic, obtained through fieldwork conducted at the Directorate of Health and Population in the province of Annaba. The results of the field study indicated that considerable efforts had been made to digitize public hospital institutions in Annaba province, which had contributed to improving the digitalization of public hospital institutions in the province to nearly 50 per cent. However, many challenges remain in the digitalization process in the province's health-care sector, most of which are technological, administrative, human, financial and legislative in nature, and must be addressed with rapid solutions.

Résumé: Summary/Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are among the most crucial institutions, relied upon for the development of countries, especially developing ones. This is due to their role in creating wealth, increasing the gross domestic product (GDP), generating employment, and more. Today, these enterprises have gained a significant position in modern economies, especially in recent years, given their contribution to solving many challenges that larger institutions could not address. This study aims to analyze the extent to which SMEs contribute to the development of the Algerian economy. To achieve this objective, a descriptive approach was adopted to present the theoretical framework and previous studies, in addition to analyzing and discussing various official statistics from 2013 to 2022, relevant to the topic. The study concluded that the contribution of SMEs to the Algerian economy was limited despite improving indicators year after year. This limitation is due to various challenges these enterprises face, most notably issues related to legislation and laws, financing, and industrial real estate. The paper ends with recommendations, including updating the legal framework, activating the role of support bodies, encouraging scientific research, and benefiting from international experience.

Résumé: This study aims to analyse the competitiveness of the Algerian banking sector by attempting to apply Porter's Five Forces model. Additionally, it examines the attractiveness of the Algerian banking market. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive approach was adopted by analysing statistics from the Algerian Central Bank and the results of previous studies. An inductive method was also used to apply Porter's Five Forces model to the Algerian banking sector. The study concluded that the banking industry in Algeria is unattractive due to the weakness and lack of implementation of all five competitive forces in Porter's model within the Algerian banking sector. However, despite this, entering the Algerian banking market could be profitable if the focus is on improving the weaknesses in the market, such as electronic banking services, financing for freelancers and startups, foreign trade, and Islamic banking services.

Résumé: This study aims to analyse the competitiveness of the Algerian banking sector by attempting to apply Porter's Five Forces model. Additionally, it examines the attractiveness of the Algerian banking market. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive approach was adopted by analysing statistics from the Algerian Central Bank and the results of previous studies. An inductive method was also used to apply Porter's Five Forces model to the Algerian banking sector. The study concluded that the banking industry in Algeria is unattractive due to the weakness and lack of implementation of all five competitive forces in Porter's model within the Algerian banking sector. However, despite this, entering the Algerian banking market could be profitable if the focus is on improving the weaknesses in the market, such as electronic banking services, financing for freelancers and startups, foreign trade, and Islamic banking services.

Résumé: The world has been witnessing a global health pandemic, which is the (Covid-19) pandemic, since the beginning of the year 2020, which has had profound effects on various economic sectors, particularly energy and oil, internal and external trade, production and manufacturing, tourism and hospitality, banks and financial markets, information and communication technology, and others. And, focusing on the last sector, we can see that this research seeks to investigate the impact of the Corona pandemic on the global information and communication technology sector, as well as the extent to which modern information and communication technology contributes to confronting and controlling the Corona pandemic. The analytical descriptive approach is used to discuss and analyze relevant statistics and indicators obtained from specialized bodies, reports, and studies.

Résumé: This research aims to analyze the reality of innovation in Algeria during the current period, For this reason the researcher used the Global Competitiveness Reports (GCR’s) issued by the World Economic Forum (WEF) during the period (2011-2015) through the study and analysis of the following indicators: capacity for innovation, quality of scientific research institutions, company spending on R and D, university – industry collaboration in R and D, government procurement of advanced technique products, availability of scientists and engineers, PCT patents, At the end the study concluded that there is a weakness of the various innovation indictors in Algeria, In the light of this result the researcher presented a set of recommendations that contribute to encourage the different innovations indicators in Algeria.

Résumé: يهدف الكتاب إلى توضيح كافة الأسس النظرية والتحليلية لموضوع التسويق المصرفي، ولتحقيق الهدف السابق الذكر تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي، وقد وقع الكتاب ضمن سبعة فصول شاملة لكامل موضوع تسويق الخدمات المصرفية. فهرس الكتاب: مقدمة أولا: خلفية فكرية عن موضوع الكتاب ثانيا: أهداف الكتاب ثالثا: هيكلة الكتاب رابعا: مميزات الكتاب الفصل الأول: طبيعة الخدمات المصرفية وأنواعها تمهيد أولا: ماهية الخدمات والإختلاف بينها وبين السلع ثانيا: مفهوم الخدمات المصرفية وخصائصها ثالثا: التطور التاريخي للخدمات المصرفية رابعا: أنواع الخدمات المصرفية خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل الأول الفصل الثاني: الإطار العام للتسويق المصرفي تمهيد أولا: مفهوم التسويق المصرفي ومميزاته ثانيا: التطور التاريخي للتسويق المصرفي ثالثا: أهداف التسويق المصرفي ومستلزمات تطبيقه رابعا: أهمية التسويق المصرفي ومعوقات تطبيقه خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل الثاني الفصل الثالث: السوق المصرفي تمهيد أولا: مفهوم السوق المصرفي، أشكاله، وإستراتيجيات التعامل معه ثانيا: تجزئة السوق المصرفي ثالثا: الإستهداف السوقي المصرفي رابعا: التموقع السوقي المصرفي خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل الثالث الفصل الرابع: مستهلك الخدمة المصرفية (العميل المصرفي) تمهيد أولا: ماهية العميل المصرفي وأنواعه ثانيا: سلوكات العملاء المصرفيين وكيفية التعامل معهم ثالثا: تحليل سلوكات العملاء المصرفيين رابعا: رضا العملاء المصرفيين وقياسه خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل الرابع الفصل الخامس: المزيج التسويقي المصرفي الأساسي تمهيد أولا: سياسة المنتج المصرفي ثانيا: سياسة التسعير المصرفي ثالثا: سياسة الترويج المصرفي رابعا: سياسة التوزيع المصرفي خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل الخامس الفصل السادس: عناصر المزيج التسويقي المصرفي المستحدثة تمهيد أولا: أسباب الإنتقال من المزيج التسويقي المصرفي التقليدي إلى المزيج التسويقي المصرفي الحديث ثانيا: سياسة الأفراد المشتركين في تقديم الخدمات المصرفية ثالثا: سياسة التسهيلات المادية المصرفية رابعا: سياسة العمليات المصرفية خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل السادس الفصل السابع: جودة الخدمات المصرفية تمهيد أولا: مفهوم جودة الخدمات المصرفية وأساليب تحقيقها ثانيا: أبعاد جودة الخدمات المصرفية ثالثا: مداخل قياس جودة الخدمات المصرفية رابعا: جودة الخدمات المصرفية كميزة تنافسية جديدة للمصارف خلاصة أسئلة للنقاش قائمة مراجع وهوامش الفصل السابع خاتمة قائمة المراجع أولا: قائمة المراجع باللغة العربية ثانيا: قائمة المراجع باللغة الأجنبية

Résumé: يواجه الأكاديميون والممارسون للنشاط التسويقي في البنوك مجموعة من الحالات التسويقية ذات البعد الإستراتيجي التي يتعين التعامل معها بحرص وحذر شديدين. ويهدف هذا الكتاب بشكل أساسي إلى المساهمة في وضع إطار شامل لتحليل المشاكل وإيجاد الحلول لمختلف المشكلات التسويقية الإستراتيجية التي تواجه مسيري البنوك الجزائرية بالإضافة إلى توفير مرجع متخصص ومفيد للأكاديميين والطلاب المهتمين بالموضوع. وعليه جاء هذا الكتاب ضمن خمسة فصول أساسية تناولت 45 حالة تسويقية افتراضية وحقيقية من البيئة المصرفية الجزائرية، وذلك ضمن مواضيع: سياسة الخدمة المصرفية، سياسات التسعير والترويج والتوزيع المصرفي، سياسات الدليل المادي والأفراد والعمليات المصرفية، دراسات البيئة التسويقية والسوق وسلوك العميل المصرفي، آخر مستجدات التسويق المصرفي. ختاما يأمل الباحثان أن يساهم مؤلفهما العلمي في إفادة كل من له علاقة بموضوع التسويق الإستراتيجي المصرفي، وفي إثراء المكتبتين الوطنية والعربية خاصة في ظل النقص الكبير للمراجع ذات الطبيعة العملية في مواضيع التسويق المصرفي عموما.

Résumé: إن تاريخ الصيرفة الإسلامية في الجزائر هو تاريخ حديث جدا حيث تم الإعتماد الرسمي لها في الجزائر سنة 2020 أين شرعت السلطات النقدية الجزائرية بمباشرة عمليات تحول كبيرة نحو الصيرفة الإسلامية من خلال إعتماد مدخل النوافذ الإسلامية بداية ثم مدخل الفروع الإسلامية بالكامل مؤخرا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن خطوات وإجراءات تطبيق الصيرفة الإسلامية في النظام البنكي الجزائري وتقييمها. لتحقيق الهدف السابق الذكر تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي بالإضافة إلى دراسة حالة البنك الوطني الجزائري (ب.و.ج) باعتباره يعد أول بنك عمومي قام بتبني الصيرفة الإسلامية من خلال مدخل النوافذ الإسلامية. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن تجربة الصيرفة الإسلامية في الجزائر ما زالت تجربة جد حديثة تواجهها الكثير من التحديات والصعوبات.