Résumé: This work aims to evaluate the protective effect of dendelion Taraxacum officinale against lead toxicity. Female wistar rats were exposed to a diet containing 600 mg lead acetate/Kg food (Pb), or combined with 20 g fresh dendelion leaves/kg food (Pb-DD) and then they have been compared to a control group for 6 consecutive weeks. Some hematological and serum biochemical markers were evaluated. The obtained results indicated a significant decrease in RBC and hemoglobin levels accompanied with a significant increase in methemoglobin of Pb group compared to the control. Regarding the group treated with Pb-DD, RBC counts and hemoglobin level were unchanged, but methemoglobin percentage was significantly higher than the control. Results of Pb group indicated a significant increase in the activities of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphate as well as in the level of total bilirubin and uric acid. However, dendelion suplementation has kept the previous markers within their biochemical ranges, except uric acid. On the other hand, no pronounced variation was seen concerning albumin, cholesterol, creatinine and calcium concentration neither in Pb nor in Pb-DD treated animals. Histological examinations of liver, kidney and ovary have showed no real change in the group treated with Pb-DD compared to control. Contrary, Pb has provoked a cystic structures and vacuolization of liver accompanied with necrosis and micro calcifications of kidney. Degeneration of the ovary tissue with an absence of corona radiata and an apoptosis of granulosa cells was also seen in Pb group. In conclusion, dendelion supplementation to diet contaminated with Pb has remarkably reduced the metal toxicity in female rats.

Résumé: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against lead toxicity. Lead is considered to be one of the oxidative stress inducer in different cells and organs. Female wistar rats were exposed to a diet containing 600 mg lead acetate/Kg food (Pb), or combined with 20 g fresh dandelion leaves/kg food (Pb-DD) and then they have been compared to a control group for 6 consecutive weeks. A number of hematological and serum biochemical markers were investigated. The results showed that the Pb group had a significant decrease in RBC and hemoglobin levels, but a significant increase in methemoglobin when compared to the control. RBC counts and hemoglobin levels were unchanged in the Pb-DD group, but methemoglobin percentage was significantly higher than in the control group. The Pb group showed a significant increase in the activities of AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphate, as well as total bilirubin and uric acid levels. Except for uric acid, dandelion supplementation has kept the previous markers within their biochemical ranges. However, no significant differences in albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, or calcium concentrations were observed in either Pb or Pb-DD treated animals. Histological examinations of the liver, kidney, and ovary revealed no significant differences between the Pb-DD-treated group and the control group. Pb, on the other hand, has caused cystic structures and vacuolization of the liver, as well as necrosis and micro calcifications of the kidney. The Pb group also showed ovary tissue degeneration, including the absence of corona radiata and granulosa cell apoptosis. In conclusion, adding dendelion to a Pb-contaminated diet significantly reduced metal toxicity in female rats.

Résumé: The contamination of the environment by heavy metals is currently a major problem. These metals, still used in many applications, often have very negative impacts on the environment and human health. This study focuses on the search for a natural treatment to reduce lead toxicity in male Wistar rat by using the aquous extract of wheatgrass Triticum aestivum (WG). In addition to the control group (C), rats were exposed to a diet containing 600 mg Pb acetate/Kg diet (Pb), or combined with the WG at 9g/100g diet (Pb-WG) for a period of 6 weeks. Biochemical, reproductive and histological markers were evaluated.. The results of tests hormonal and biochemical parameters showed a decrease in the concentration of the hormone triiodothyronin (T3) and thyreostimulin (TSH) in the Pb group compared to the (control and Pb-WG). The serum testosterone concentration, urea, total cholesterol levels, the rate of TGP, TGO and creatinine were significantly increased in rats treated with (Pb) alone compared to (the control and Pb-WG group), while no change in glucose was shown. However, the (Pb-WG) group shows no change compared to the control. The level of calcium showed a significant decrease in the Pb group, and which returns to the normal state in group (Pb-WG) compared to the control. The study of the fertility parameters indicates a highly significant decrease in the concentration, the mobility of sperm counts among the treated group by Pb alone. These results are confirmed by the study of histological sections. A morphological change represented by volume shrinkage of the vesicles. A return to the normal structure of follicles was observed in (Pb-WG) group. Histology study of testis epididymis showed no change in (Pb-WG) compared to the control group. The testes marked destruction and degeneration of germ cells and the light of some seminiferous tubules are empty. It was concluded that the consumption of wheatgrass is an effective natural cure with no side effects. This plant increases fertility, purifies, and regenerates the blood. In addition, it ensures the detoxifying of the liver, kidneys and thyroid. Wheatgrass is a biogenic plant, that provides the body with energy and materials that needs to regain and maintain vibrant good health. Keywords: Hematological; biochemical markers; fertility; TSH; testosterone and histological sections; Pb; wheatgrass (WG).

Résumé: Cette étude vise à évaluer les bienfaits de l’herbe de blé et de l'orge pour atténuer les dommages oxydatifs provoqués par l’exposition à l’acétate de Plomb. La recherche a été réalisée sur des rats adultes de la souche Wistar, pesant en moyenne 150 g. Les rats ont été répartis en 6 groupes. Le groupe témoin recevait une alimentation standard composée de croquettes broyées, mélangé avec de l’eau distillé, sous forme de pate. Deux groupes témoins positifs recevaient la même alimentation que le groupe témoin, avec une supplémentation de 5 g / Rat d'extraits d’herbe de blé pour le premier et de l’herbe d’orge 5g /rat pour le second. Le groupe Pb, recevait une dose d’acétate de plomb (600 mg/kg de poids corporel), cependant le groupe (Pb+blé) recevait (600 mg/kg p.c + 5 g / Rat d'extraits d’herbe de blé), le dernier groupe (Pb+orge) recevait (600 mg/kg p.c+5 g / Rat d'extraits d’herbe d’orge). La période de traitement a été fixée à six semaines. Les résultats obtenus de la fonction hépatique et rénale (TGO, TGP, PAL, Urée, Créatinine) ont indiqué une augmentation significative chez le groupe Pb. Cependant, les groupes combinés ont marqué une diminution significative comparativement au groupe Pb. L’analyse statistique des paramètres du stress oxydatif a montré une augmentation significative du taux de GSH et MDA hépatique et rénal chez les groupes (Pb+blé) et (Pb+orge). En ce qui concerne l’étude comparative de l’efficacité des deux plantes, l’analyse statistique a révélé que (Hordeum vulgare L) est légèrement plus efficace que (Triticum aestivum L) grâce à sa teneur plus élevée en antioxydants, en fibres et en vitamines.

Résumé: Le cadmium est un polluant très répandu dans l’environnement, caractérisé par sa toxicité aux divers organes. Cette étude vise à mesurer l'efficacité de l'intégration des feuilles d'olivier Olea europaea pour atténuer la toxicité du cadmium. Le travail a été réalisé sur quatre-vingts rats Wistar, divisés en huit groupes. Le groupe témoin était soumis à un régime standard, tandis que les trois groupes témoins positifs (FO1, FO2 et FO3) ont été traités avec de l'extrait de feuilles d'olivier administré en trois doses (0,25 g/kg du poids corporel, 0,5 g/kg du poids corporel et 1 g/kg du poids corporel). Le groupe (CdCl2) traité par 40 mg/kg p.c), alors que trois autres groupes ont été exposés à une combinaison de Cd et FO (Cd + FO1, Cd + FO2, Cd + FO3). Le traitement a été effectué par gavage sur une période de 30 jours. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une augmentation significative des marqueurs réno-hépatiques suivants : MDA, TGO, TGP, PAL, Biluribine totale, ainsi que l’urée et la créatinine chez le groupe exposé au cadmium par rapport aux autres groupes de traitement. Cependant une diminution significative a été enregistrée concernant le taux de GSH (hépatique et rénal), l’albumine et protéine totale chez le groupe traité par CdCl2 comparativement au témoin et aux témoins positifs. L’étude histologique a montré une souffrance au niveau du parenchyme hépatique, des lésions, une nécrose cellulaire plus l’apparition des kystes chez le groupe CdCl2. Le tissu rénal a présenté une altération au niveau des canaux proximaux et les glomérules suite à l’accumulation du métal, par contre l’addition de l’extrait des feuilles d’olivier a assuré la détoxification et le retour à l’état normal. Mots clés : Antioxydants ; Cadmium ; histopathologie ; paramètres biochimiques ; rats

Résumé: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Olea europaea leaves in reducing toxicity induced by chronic cadmium exposure. The work was carried out 80 male wistar rats divided into 8 groups. Control group, (EFO1, EFO2 and EFO3) treated with aqueous extract of plant leaves at three different doses 0.25g/Kg rat and 0.5g/Kg rat and 1g/Kg rat, a group treated with CdCl2 (40mg/Kg rat) and three groups treated with the combination of CdCl2 solution (40mg/Kg rat) with Olea europaea leaf extract. The results obtained for oxidative stress parameters indicate a highly significant increase in malondialdehyde levels (hepatic and renal MDA), transaminase activities (GOT, GPT), serum PAL, bilirubin, urea and creatinine in rats exposed to Cd alone compared with the (control, positive control and combined groups). With regard to GSH levels, the Cd group showed a highly significant decrease compared to other treatment groups. Key words: Cd, creatinine, GOT, GPT, oxidative stress

Résumé: The aim of the study is to investigate the benefits of the aqueous extract of fresh olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) in reducing cadmium toxicity. The control received a standard diet; three positive control groups (LEO1, LEO2, and LEO3) respectively received different extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg rat), one group received fresh cadmium chloride solution (40 mg/kg rat), and the last three groups received a combination of LE + CdCl₂ with the same dosages. The results demonstrated cadmium led to a decrease in fertility parameters (concentration, mobility, LH, and testosterone), with a significant decrease in GSH and an increase in MDA levels. Supplementation of olive leaf extract significantly improved all parameters of the three combined treatment groups with different degrees. In conclusion, olive leaf extract was able to mitigate cadmium-intoxicated rats and preserved reproductive parameters. Key words: Cadmium, fertility, GSH, MDA, rat.

Résumé: Since the industrial revolution, many anthropogenic activities have caused environmental, considerable and overall changes. The lead represents a very dangerous disruptive for the functioning of the body. In this context the current study aims at evaluating a natural therapy by the use of the plant grass in wheat (Triticum durum) against the toxicity of lead in rat wistar male. The rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the group treated with 600 mg /kg food of lead only (Pb) is the group treated with the combination of 600 mg/kg of food and 9g/rat /day of the plant wheatgrass (Pb-wg). The duration of the treatment is 6 weeks.The results of the biometrics of the organs (testis and epididymis) show no significant difference between the three groups. The concentration in serum urea creatinine and cholesterol was significantly increased among the group treated by Pb only in relation to the control and Pb-wg. Whereas the rate of glucose did not show any significant difference.Results showed a very highly significant decrease in the concentration of sperm (P ≤ 0.001) between the control and Pb only. No difference between the control group and Pb-wg was recorded. A very highly significant decrease in the concentration of sperm and Motility (P ≤ 0.001) between the control and Pb only whereas no difference between the control group and Pb-wg was recorded. The parenchyma of the kidney shows a dilation of tubes distal and proximal causing a tubular nephropathy for the batch processed by Pb only. The testicles have marked a destruction or absence of germ cells and the light of some seminiferous are almost empty.The histology study of the kidney, testis and epididymal show no modification at the group Pb-wg comparing to the control. Conclusion: The supplementation of the plant Triticum durum has caused a considerable improvement which ensures the return of parameters investigated in the normal state. keywords Creatinine glucose concentration and motility of sperm lead histological sections

Résumé: