Résumé: Our ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants native to Numidia aimed to investigate traditional therapeutic and cosmetic uses reported by the local population, traditional practitioners, and herbalists of this region. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out using questionnaires on Calendula suffruticosa Vahl (shrub-like marigold) and Fumaria capreolata L.(climbing fumitory) in 2017-2018 in 5 cities of north-eastern Algeria. We studied the profile of 100 respondents, their knowledge of local plant names, therapeutic uses, the parts used, and the mode of use of each plant. The data collected show 62.0% of local people use these plants for several reasons, while 38% use it only for therapeutic purposes. The aerial part is the most usable for both species, especially the flower for marigold (82.0% of those who use it). According to the surveys conducted, it appears that the local communities in these cities make use of various medical properties of marigold: anti-inflammatory (37.0%), antibacterial (16.2%), against oedema (8.6%), anti-ulcer (6.1%), sedative, cholesterol-lowering (3.4%), antihypertensive, ie lowering blood pressure (2.6%). In contrast, the use of fumitory is rare, due to its toxicity in larger doses. In most cases, the method of administration of the remedies varies, eg as an infusion (72.1% of those who use fumitory), decoction (10.0%), compresses (10.8%), cream or ointment based on decoction (7.0%). This study shows the great importance of medicinal plants in the local traditional medicine of north-eastern Algeria.

Résumé: La présente étude a pour but d'évaluer la toxicité et les activités pharmacologiques d'une plante médicinale et aromatique spontanée du Nord-Est d'Algérie. Calendula suffruticosa subsp. Suffruticosa Vahl. (Astéracées) est couramment utilisée en médecine et pharmacopée traditionnelles pour traiter diverses maladies, notamment l'inflammation, les ulcères duodénaux, les brûlures et les maladies cutanées. L'activité anti-inflammatoire de l'extrait éthanolique a été évaluée par le test de l'œdème inflammatoire induite par la carraghénine chez la souris. Et l'activité analgésique a été déterminée sur un modèle de la douleur induite par l'acide acétique. Le diclofénac et l'acide acétyle salicylique sont utilisés comme des médicaments de référence. L'étude toxicologique de l'extrait éthanolique nous a permis de constater que la DL50 de cet extrait est supérieure à 1 000 mg/kg de poids corporel. L'extrait éthanolique, à la dose 200 et 400 mg/kg administré par voie orale, possède une activité anti-inflammatoire significative (test d'Anova). Les résultats de l'activité analgésique montrent également l'effet fort de l'extrait testé vis-à-vis à la douleur chimique. Cet extrait, à la dose de 400 mg/kg, a une activité analgésique supérieure à celle de l'acide acétylsalicylique à la dose de 100 mg/kg, avec un pourcentage d'inhibition de 81,13 ± 1,09 %. Ces résultats confirment les propriétés anti-inflammatoires et analgésiques de Calendula suffruticosa subsp. Suffruticosa Vahl, qui sont principalement dues à la composition phytochimique de l'extrait étudié.

Résumé: Fumitory or Fumaria capreolata L. is a medicinal plant, spontaneous and widely distributed in North Africa, particularly in Algeria. It has been recognized for centuries for its therapeutic virtues, and it is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and in the treatment of skin diseases. The phytochemical screening carried out on the aerial part of the species F. capreolata L., revealed the richness of this plant in secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, catechic tannins, sterols and terpenes. On the other hand, we noticed the absence of cardinolides, leuco-anthocyanins, quinones and starch in all parts of the plant. Quantitative spectrophotometric analysis allowed us to detect the levels of total polyphenols using the reagent of Folin-Ciocalteu, according to the results obtained we find that the species F. capreolata is rich in these compounds (14.27 ± 1.65 mg GAE/g). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method, indicated that the ethanolic extract of F. capreolata L. showed significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 = 0.27 mg/ml. And it also has a strong inhibitory activity of the coupled oxidation of linoleic acid and β-carotene, with a percentage of 88.46 ± 1.02% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. In addition, the crude extract of F. capreolata L., also exhibits a good iron reduction capacity, with a maximum optical density of 0.349 at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.

Résumé: Aim: Calendula suffruticosa ssp. suffruticosa Vahl, Medicinal and Aromatic plant, spontaneous and widespread in the Mediterranean region and in the Northeast of Algeria, is widely used by the local population for its medicinal properties. Methods: The chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Calendula suffruticosa was established for the first time using GC / MS. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in vitro by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test, the FRAP assay and β-carotene bleaching assay. Results: sixty-four compounds are identified by GC/MS analysis, six are predominant: α-linoleic acid (24.20%), linoleic acid (23.58%), Stigmasterol (8.53%), 2-Metyl-Z-4-tetradecene (6.62%) And α-Bisabolol (1.70%). The free radical scavenging by DPPH method indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. suffruticosa showed a very high antioxydant activity with an IC50 = 0.017 ± 1.00 mg / ml. This extract also showed an ability to reduce very high iron with a maximum optical density of 1.157 at a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml and an antioxidant activity compared to the β-carotene / linoleic acid test of order of 75 ± 1.02%. Conclusion: These results show for the first time the richness of phytochemicals and the strong antioxidant activity of the species Calendula suffruticosa endemic to north-east of Algeria.

Résumé: The objective of this study is the knowledge of the Algerian natural resources in producing plants of fatty-acids “Omega-3” and the evaluation of their capacity to produce for their possible industrial exploitation, while being interested in the extracts of a species of the family of Portulacaceae: Portulaca oleracea. In our study a certain number of objectives were set: a ethnobotanic study of Portulaca oleracea in order to better know and to develop the uses of this species; A histological study of the various bodies; A chemical screening and a test of germination to know the best conditions of the germination of seeds. We determined and analyzed the contents of Omega-3 by Mass Spectrometry coupled to a Chromatograph in Gas Phase (CPG/SM-QP 2010).