Résumé: ABSTRACT: The objective of this effort is to quantify the amounts of phenolics and the in vitro antioxidant capacities of Allium sphaerocephalon L. flowers’ hydroethanolic (EOH) and aqueous (AQE) extracts. The two extracts' total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed the extraction yield obtained by EOH and AQE were 18.30% and 11.80%, respectively. The EOH gave higher amounts of TPC (12.73±0.91µg GAE/mg DW) and TFC (7.67±0.24µg QE/mg DW) than AQE (TPC = 9.71±0.53µg GAE/mg DW and TFC= 5.68±0.90µg QE/ mg DW). Five techniques were used to train antioxidant activity. The EOH extract had high activity in DPPH radical scavenging capacities and ß-carotene bleaching assay, while the AQE extract had high activity in metal chelating ions and reducing power assay. However, both extracts had no different significance in cupric-reducing capacity. A moderate quantity of flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as a satisfactory level of antioxidant activity, were observed in both preparations derived from the flowers of A. sphaerocephalon L., where this activity is not all fully related to the amount of phenolic compounds.

Résumé: ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of environmental stressors on male reproductive biomarkers in sentinel species of bivalves inhabiting Annaba estuaries, considered to be reservoirs receiving industrial, agricultural, and domestic discharges. Male Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected in four seasons from a non-polluted site (S1) and two other locations receiving untreated sewage (S2) and a mixture of contaminants (S3). Testicular sperm concentration, motility, velocity, the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), the beat cross frequency (BCF), spermatozoan DNA fragmentation, and histological profiles were evaluated. Individuals from S2 and S3 have diminished sperm concentration, motility, velocity, ALH and BCF, along with a significantly increased spermatozoan DNA fragmentation that was much higher in S3. Testicular tissues demonstrated histo-pathological alterations in mussels subjected to anthropogenic activities during the four seasons. In conclusion, reproductive biomarkers of male mussels were both spatially and temporally variable, which is probably correlated to pollution types and the changing seasonal stressors.

Résumé: Abstract The aim of this study was to scrutinize the possible mitigating role of leaves’ Allium triquetrum L. against the toxicity of lead acetate on liver and kidney markers of Wistar rat. Lead acetate (Pb) and leaves’ aqueous extracts (L) were orally administrated for 3 weeks. Rats were divided into the control, Pb group (500 mg/kg body weight/day), positive controls L (2g, 3g, 4g/kg BW/day), along with three combined groups of the same doses (Pb-L1, Pb-L2, Pb-L3). The levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), urea, creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA), as well as the hepatic and the renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were estimated. Results exhibited a significant increase in plasma AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and MDA levels of the Pb group compared to the control, with the exception of TP, ALB, GSH levels, and GPx activities that were significantly diminished, though the co-administration of garlic extracts (Pb-L) revealed a significant decrease in all mentioned markers, excluding the TP, ALB, GSH, and GPx levels. Likewise, Pb caused histological injuries in the hepatic and renal tissues of rats, while the co-administration of leaves’ wild garlic has reduced such effect. Thought, the Pb-L has attenuated the Pb-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of A. triquetrum have the potential to alleviate Pb hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity through the modulation of most biomarkers in Wistar rat.

Résumé: Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess whether Pulicaria odora (PO) aqueous extract could serve as a protective agent against the toxic impacts of two doses of cypermethrin (CYP) on the seasonal reproduction of domestic males pigeons (Columba livia domestica) subjected to a long photoperiod (19L: 05D). Therefore, thirty pigeons were divided equally into six groups; group C used as a control, group PO used as a positive control that treated by PO (300 mg/k b.w/day), CYP1 and CYP2 groups were respectively treated by 10 and 20 mg/Kg b.w/day, in addition to CYP1+PO and CYP2+PO groups. All treatments were realized by gavage for 10 consecutive weeks starting in mid-February. Their testes volumes and moult plumage progression were measured every 15 days. Whereas, testicular weights, testicular histological examination, vas different semen analysis and plasma FT4 level were measured at week 10. Results showed that under long photoperiod, the sexual activity of the control group lasted for 06 weeks, characterized by a significant growth in the testicular volume, followed by spontaneous gonadal regression up to week 10. Azoospermia in control birds was noticed, with a significant increase in FT4 level and a fall of flying feathers in the 8th and 10th weeks, which assert the testicular regression. Compared to the control, CYP1 and CYP2 increased the testicular weights significantly during the last weeks by delaying the refractory phase until the end of the experimental period, while most of spermatozoa were malformed or dead. Various histopathological alterations including a decrease in interstitial space, an enlarged lumen, a remarkable atrophy of Leydig cells and malformed spermatozoa were observed in the gonads of birds exposed to CYP. The FT4 concentration decreased significantly and none of the CYP groups was molting. Treatment with PO aqueous extract seems counteracted the toxic effects of CYP, which was confirmed histopathologically by the noticeable amelioration in the testicular tissues. It was concluded that PO aqueous extract co-administration may be promising as a natural protective herb against CYP-induced reproductive toxicity in the male pigeons.

Résumé: This study investigates the toxic effects of ethanol (Eth) on the reproductive system of male rats and the possible protective role of Silybum marianum seeds-infused solution (SMI) over six consecutive weeks of administration. Animals were divided into the following groups: control, SMI positive control (200 mg/kg/day), Eth1 (1 g/kg/day), Eth2 (2 g/kg/day), Eth1+SMI, and Eth2+SMI. Plasma testosterone concentration, epididymal spermatozoa biology, and testicular and epididymal MDA, GSH and GPx levels were evaluated. The results indicated a significant decrease in testis and epididymis weight, testosterone level, sperm concentration, sperm vitality and sperm motility (total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, velocity average path, beat cross frequency, and lateral head displacement) in both Eth1 and Eth2 compared to the control groups and the combined-treatment groups (Eth1+SMI and Eth2+SMI). Furthermore, results showed a significant elevation in MDA concentration with a significant decrease of testicular and epididymal GSH concentration and GPx activity in theEth1 and Eth2 groups compared to the combined-treatment groups. The administration of SMI succeeded in improving the parameters cited above in the combined-treatment groups compared to the Eth1 and Eth2 groups, and bring them to the levels seen in the control groups. To conclude, SMI has clearly protected reproductive indices against ethanol-induced reprotoxicity in male rats

Résumé: The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Nerium oleander roots (R) and leaves (L) aqueous extract on Wistar rat. Serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological examination of liver, kidney and brain were assessed after twelve consecutive day’s oral administration of N. oleander. The extracts of R1, R2, L1 and L2 induced no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to general behaviors, hematological, serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological profiles of liver, kidney and brain. However, the higher doses (R3, L3) led to, diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, frequent urination, and nasal hemorrhage, with no mortality. The hematological data revealed a significant increase in the levels of hematocrit and platelets in both L3 and R3 compared to the control. However, these two extracts have not affected the level of RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, and lymphocytes, while the L3 has reduced the concentration of glucose and increased that of urea. However, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferease, albumin, conjugated bilirubin, potassium and calcium levels of L3 and R3 were not statistically significant compared to the control. Simultaneously bilirubin concentration was increased significantly in L3 and R3. There were no significant differences in epididymal sperm analysis when compared to the control. Adverse histological changes were observed in both liver and kidney as well as in the brain. To conclude, N. oleander extracts have disturbed the levels of certain vital variables in rats at higher dose, in which caution should be taken during the use of this plant.

Résumé: Background and Aim: Nowadays, pesticide mixtures are largely applied in the field of agriculture, which poses serious health risks for humans and domestic animals. The present study has been carried out to investigates both the individual and the combined effects of two pesticides deltamethrin (DM) and abamectin (ABA) on hepatic function of male pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using twenty-four (24) mature male pigeons weighing 298 ± 4.15 g. They are divided into four equal groups as follows, the control group, group DE: treated with deltamethrin (DM) (40 mg/kg), group AB: treated with abamectin (ABA) (20 mg/kg), group DE+AB: treated with mixture of the two doses of deltamethrin and abamectin (40+ 20 mg/kg) respectively. All groups were treated by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Results: Biochemical results show a significant increase of the hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and glucose levels, with a remarkable decrease in albumin concentration in all of the treated groups. However, the joint action of the pesticides mixture revealed an antagonist effect on all tested biochemical parameters. Thus, the histopathological profile of liver demonstrated a severe injury of all treated groups. Conclusion: The individual and the combined exposure of pigeons to deltamethrin and abamectin caused different functional and structural alterations of liver, with antagonist interaction between the combined doses.

Résumé: The current study investigates the potential alleviating activity of bulbs (B) and leaves (L) of Allium triquetrum aqueous extract (ATE) on repro-toxicity induced by lead acetate (Pb) in male Wistar rats administrated orally for 3 consecutive weeks. Eighteen groups of rats were divided into the control, Pb (500 mg/kg body weight/day), positive controls of B and L (2 g, 3 g, 4 g, 6 g/kg body weight/day), in addition to four mixtures of each of Pb-B (Pb-B1, Pb-B2, Pb-B3, Pb-B4) and Pb-L (Pb-L1, Pb-L2, Pb-L3, Pb-L4). The two extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis. Sperm characteristics were evaluated by CASA system, as well as the serum testosterone, testicular and epididymal levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The phytochemical screening proved that bulbs’ and leaves’ extracts were rich in various compounds and the HPLC showed that leaves contain more tannins. Results revealed a significant decrease in the testicular and in the epididymal weights, sperm concentration, motility, testosterone, velocity, vitality, round cells, GSH, and GPx levels in the Pb-intoxicated rats compared to the control, with the exception of MDA concentration that was significantly increased. However, the co-administration of garlic extracts (Pb-B and Pb-L) exhibited a significant increase in all mentioned markers, except for the MDA level which was reduced. Likewise, Pb caused histological injuries in the testicular seminiferous of rats, while the co-administration of wild garlic has reduced such effect, especially in the higher doses. Both extracts of Pb-B and Pb-L have attenuated Pb toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of A. triquetrum have the potential to reduce Pb testicular injuries by boosting sperm characteristics and ameliorating oxidative stress markers.

Résumé: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial use of common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna aqueous extract at 1.5g/Kg bw/day against chronic copper sulfate intoxication (100mg/Kg bw) in Wistar rats. Material and Method: Animals were divided into 6 groups; the untreated control (C), 2 positive controls treated respectively with hawthorn fruits (F) and leaves (L), 1 group treated with copper (Cu) and 2 combined treatment groups treated with Cu and hawthorn-fruits (CuF) and Cu and hawthorn-leaves (CuL). After 30 days of oral administration, testis weight and plasma testosterone levels were evaluated, in addition to the epididymal sperm concentration, motility, vitality, velocity (VCL, VSL and VAP), the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and the beat cross frequency (BCF). Testicular glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also evaluated. Result and Discussion: Cu exposure reduced testosterone, sperm concentration, live sperm, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, BCF, GSH, and GPx levels compared to control groups. Dead sperm and MDA levels were increased in rats of Cu group compared to the untreated control. When compared to the Cu group, levels of testosterone, sperm concentration, sperm motility, live sperm, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, BCF, GSH, and GPx were much higher in the CuF and CuL groups, along with a significantly lower MDA concentration. In conclusion, hawthorn, when co-administered as an aqueous extract with Cu, protected most biological markers against copper toxicity, while positive control (s) boosted sperm concentration and velocity (VCL and VAP).

Résumé: This study explores the promising mitigating activity of fruits (F) and leaves (L) aqueous extract of Crateagus monogyna Jacq. (Fam. Rosaceae) against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by copper sulphate (Cu). Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control (C), two positive controls ssupplemented with F (1.5g/kg bw/ day) and L (1.5g/kg bw/day) aqueous extract, Cu group (100 mg/kg bw/day),and two other combined groups having the same dosage (Cu+F, Cu+L). The C. monogyna aqueous extracts and copper sulphate were administrated orally for 30 consecutive days, where liver and kidney glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated alongside plasma aspartate aminotransaminase(AST), alanine aminotransaminase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine levels. A significant increase in the activity of AST, ALT and ALP and the creatinine level of the Cu group were observed compared to the control, but Cu+F and Cu+L have significantly decreased AST, ALT,ALP, creatinine and urea levels compared to the Cu group. Cu group has respectively increased hepatic MDA concentration, and decreased GSH level and GP x activity compared to the control. The combined treatments (Cu+F and Cu+L)showed a significant decline in MDA concentration, accompanied with significant raise of GSH and GPx levels compared to the Cu group, as well as both positive controls (F and L) demonstrated a significant augmentations of GSH and GPx levels compared to the control. In kidney, Cu group has respectively increased and decreased MDA concentration and GPx activity, but Cu+F and Cu+L have significantly reduced the MDA concentration and raised both GSH level and GPx activity. To conclude, Cu administration to rats has induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, while the combination of this metal with the hawthorn aqueous extract have attenuated such toxicity.

Résumé: In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the potential activity of Silybum marianum seeds infused solution (SMI) against ethanol (Eth) toxicity of Wistar rat liver and kidneys. Thirty six males (control, SMI positive control (200 mg/kg b.w./day), the Eth1 (01 g/kg b.w./day), the Eth2 (02 g/kg b.w./day), the Eth1+SMI and the Eth2+SMI) were orally administered for six successive weeks to measure serum biochemical parameters as well as hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. According to the results, the Eth1+SMI and the Eth2+SMI alleviated ethanol-induced increased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, urea, creatinine, and MDA. Furthermore, the co-administration of SMI has maintained hepatic and renal GSH concentration and GPx activity close to the control. The SMI has alleviated ethanol-induced toxicity via the improvement of hepatic and renal markers.

Résumé: This study investigates the possible attenuation of cadmium toxicity by using fresh aqueous olive leaves extract (OLE) of Olea europea. Wistar rats were divided into a control group received a standard diet, two positive controls received 0.25 g/kg BW (OL1) and 0.5 g/kg BW (OL2), one group treated with CdCl2 (40 mg/kg BW), and finally, two other groups supplemented with the combination of Cd and OL (Cd+OL1, Cd+OL2). Cadmium and OL were administrated daily by gavage for one month. Hepatic histology, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum biomarkers were evaluated. Results indicate a significant increase in the MDA level of the Cd group compared with the three control groups, however, a significant decrease was noted in the groups of Cd+OL1 and Cd+OL2 compared to the Cd group. For the GSH, the Cd group showed a significant decrease compared to all control groups. A significant rise in the concentration of total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was observed in the Cd-exposed rats compared to all controls, but the level of albumin and total proteins manifested significant decrease. However, the combined treatments have attenuated the toxicity of Cd through the recorded significant changes of most studied biochemical markers. The above results were confirmed by the histological study which revealed certain liver alterations in the Cd-exposed rats, while the co-administration of OL has reduced the hepatic tissue disorganization. In conclusion, OL seems effective to diminish the prooxidative effect of cadmium.

Résumé: The aim of this work is to assess biomarker responses to stresses caused by pollution of the marine environment in the Gulf of Annaba, using the bivalve mollusc Donax trunculus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Males and females were collected during the summer from site 1 considered to be far from pollution sources (SM1 and SD1), site 2 (SM2 and SD2) exposed to a mixture of contaminants, and site 3 (SM3 and SD3) receiving the untreated sewage. The whole body was used for the determination of malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and DNA damage. The MDA concentration from site 2 of both species has indicated significant augmentation. The two bivalves from S2 and S3 have recorded significant decrease of GSH level, with the highest number of Comet scores. A significant site and sex effect was measured for the level of GSH and MDA, accompanied with a significant site effect for DNA damage. The genotoxicity seems correlated with the stress biomarkers and dependent on the effluent types.

Résumé: Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the physicochemical, the biochemical, and the antioxidant characteristics of unifloral bitter honey and polyfloral sweet honey. Materials and methods: Unifloral bitter and polyfloral sweet honey samples were, respectively, harvested in January and July, and then, they were extracted by the traditional method. The markers of refractive index, pH, free acidity, Brix index, density, reducing sugars, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were evaluated. Results: The obtained results showed that the physicochemical parameters are within the normal ranges, in which they meet the international standards (Codex Alimentarius). For biochemical constituents, matching concentrations of reducing sugars (glucose+fructose) were observed in both samples, while that of sucrose were very low in unifloral than polyfloral honey. The levels of the active ingredients showed a difference in total polyphenols and tannins of the two types of honey studied, whereas that of flavonoids were almost similar. The antioxidant activity of various samples evaluated by DPPH and FRAP indicated that unifloral has a superior activity. Conclusion: Compared to polyfloral honey, unifloral bitter honey has lower sucrose, high total polyphenols, and tannins levels, in addition to higher antioxidant potential.