Résumé: This study aims to analyze the development of the reinsurance offering in Algeria by examining the evolution of national acceptances, primarily represented by the premiums accepted by the Central Reinsurance Company (CCR), and international acceptances by foreign reinsurance companies during the period (2010-2023). The study mainly employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The research concluded that, since the implementation of Executive Decree No. 10-207, the mandatory cession rate to the CCR has increased to 50%, leading to a rise in the volume of premiums accepted locally to over 90% of the CCR’s total activity. In contrast, international premiums did not exceed an average of 10%. Although national acceptances constitute the bulk of the CCR’s business, the company has achieved notable progress in the international market in recent years thanks to policies aimed at expanding its external activities. The dominance of the local market is attributed to the CCR's monopoly over national acceptances, enhancing its capacity to absorb major risks in the local market, particularly in the IARDT (Fire, Accidents, Miscellaneous Risks, and Transport) branch and natural disasters. However, the company faces challenges in the international market, including intense competition in Europe. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of developing the Algerian reinsurance market by updating the legislative framework and creating a competitive environment, which would enhance the ability of Algeria to manage risks more effectively locally and internationally.

Résumé: This article discusses the incorporation of smart contracts, blockchain technology, and the adoption of the circular economy model in the Gulf Cooperation Council region with a focus on how these innovations can improve the overall sustainability of organizations. Adopting qualitative methodology, using secondary data, and building reliable themes for analysis, it seeks to address how blockchain’s decentralized and transparent nature enhances sustainable development by ensuring commodities are traceable, waste is minimized, and processes are streamlined in various sectors including energy, manufacturing and food security. As self-executing agreements, smart contracts also aid the automation of systems and processes, increase the effectiveness of procedures and eliminate the need for oversight. Countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council that are using innovations such as Ever ledger, Power ledger and IBM Food Trust Blockchain are already contributing to sustainability by cutting on management waste, curtailing fraud and encouraging responsible sourcing of materials. The research also identifies barriers to the implementation of blockchain technology in the circular economy in the region such as lack of clear regulatory framework, low level of technological adoption and lack of willingness to change. Nonetheless, the study highlights the possibilities that exist with blockchain to solve issues that hinder the shift towards a circular economy which is consistent with international standards on sustainability including responsible consumption

Résumé: Donald Trump’s trade policy, rooted in the principle of “America First,” marked a significant break with established multilateral norms. Characterized by using said neo-protectionism, a preference for bilateral negotiations, and aggressive use of tariffs, this technique aimed to reduce exchange deficits and revitalize US manufacturing. These measures had significant repercussions on the worldwide economic system, particularly for developing nations. Increased policy uncertainty, slowing global demand, and the reorientation of world supply chains posed sizable challenges, even though a few countries mockingly benefited from a diversion of exchange flows. In the precise case of Algeria, the direct economic impact of Trump’s tariffs was perceived as minimal by the Algerian authorities. This assessment primarily stems from the minimal extent of bilateral change between the two nations, and, crucially, from the exemption of Algeria’s most important exports to the US, specifically hydrocarbons, from the imposed tariffs. However, Algeria has undertaken strategic responses including accelerating economic diversification, strengthening regional integration through the AfCFTA, and exploring new export markets in Africa and Asia. This state of affairs highlights the inherent fragility of the multilateral buying and selling machine in the face of such unilateral pressures. It underscores the vital importance for developing countries to undertake adaptive and resilient monetary strategies to navigate an increasingly unpredictable global trading environment.

Résumé: This research explores the impact of FinTech on Algeria’s foreign trade and how the banking sector is adapting to digital innovation. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating statistical data with expert analysis, the study evaluates digital tools’ influence on trade activities. The findings reveal inconsistent progress: while some banks have embraced FinTech, reaping benefits in efficiency, risk management, and compliance, the industry still grapples with outdated infrastructure, regulatory inflexibility, and low digital literacy. However, signs of progress emerge, especially in mobile payments and blockchain technologies. Drawing on international case studies and regional comparisons with Kenya, India, the UAE, and Brazil, the paper identifies concrete actions to propel Algeria forward through focused investment in digital infrastructure, regulatory reform, and bank-FinTech collaboration. By systematically comparing regional trends and reviewing global implementation experiences, the study proposes specific, time-bound interventions tailored to Algeria’s institutional landscape: a phased investment plan of USD 380-470 million over five years, focused on digital infrastructure upgrade, regulatory reform, strategic alliances with mature FinTech platforms, and structured capacity building. The study sets concrete goals: cutting transaction times from 5-7 days to 24-48 hours, boosting trade finance digitization from 15-20% to 75%, and extending financial inclusion from 43% to 60% of adults by 2030. The research concludes that greater FinTech adoption in Algeria’s banking and trade sectors could improve competitiveness in global markets, but only with concerted implementation supported by institutional will and resource allocation.

Résumé: Innovation is considered a fundamental pillar for achieving comprehensive development, as its role is not limited to supporting economic growth but also extends to enhancing the competitiveness of nations in a rapidly changing global environment. Through the adoption of effective innovation policies, countries can develop new technologies and solutions that contribute to improving productivity, raising the quality of services, and strengthening sustainability. Therefore, innovation is viewed today as a strategic tool for building the knowledge economy and achieving leadership at both the regional and international levels. This research paper aims to compare the radical (breakthrough) innovation model and the incremental (improvement) innovation model. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted a comparative study between the American experience (radical innovation) and the Japanese experience (incremental innovation), using the methodology of the Global Innovation Index during the period (2019–2024). This research paper concluded with several findings, the most prominent of which is the superiority of the United States over Japan in most innovation indicators during the study period. However, this superiority is not absolute or significantly large, as their results remain somewhat close. The paper also confirmed the importance of both models: the American model suits countries with abundant and fast-growing resources, while the Japanese model suits countries with limited and slow-growing resources.

Résumé: The African Union started the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in January 2021 which is expected to make a significant difference in the continent’s economy. It has 54 member-states and a market of 1.3 billion consumers, making it the largest free trade area in the world in terms of the number of participants. This historic deal is a big step toward bringing African economies together. It might help the continent grow, become more industrialized, and include more people in the economy. This article’s goal is to talk about the African Continental Free Trade Area’s strategic foundations, how it works, its economic potential (which is expected to bring in $450 billion in revenue by 2035), and the problems that keep coming up (infrastructure, regulatory harmonization, and economic disparities). The focus is on Algeria’s key role in this continental integration. The country is positioning itself as its active architect through its trans-Saharan megaprojects (roads, rail, fiber optics, and gas pipelines) and its logistics hub strategy, connecting sub-Saharan Africa to Europe. The study shows that Algeria’s investments in infrastructure are making the AfCFTA work and opening up new economic opportunities across the continent.

Résumé: The aim of this article is to analyze the most prominent international applications of artificial intelligence in the public sector, as a tool to improve the management structure and improve public services in light of the growing global interest in this technology. The study used a comparative analytical method, and investigated the policies and programs in ten countries (Finland, Estonia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Japan, Canada, Australia, Qatar and Saudi Arabia). The results showed that different countries have used different roads and talked about using artificial intelligence in the public sector. For example, Finland and Estonia focused on active services, Canada and Australia, focusing on regulator and governance structure, Japan and Singapore focused on long -term national vision, Qatar and Saudi Arabia rely on major investments and international collaborations, and the UK and the United States focused on the combination of the combination of practitioners. The study indicates the need to achieve an optimal balance between new technologies and moral regulations, at the same time improves long -term strategic plans. This method encourages countries to collaborate and share what they know to speed up digital changes and share the public sector more efficient and long -lasting.

Résumé: The SWOT model is one of the most widely used tools for environmental analysis, adopted by various organizations, including banks, due to its crucial role in shaping strategic direction. It helps banks define their future vision of the market and accurately assess their competitive position. This analysis encompasses various macro aspects, offering a comprehensive evaluation of a bank's internal and external environment, making it an essential instrument for strategic planning. This research aims to examine the current state of the Algerian banking sector, assess its attractiveness, and evaluate its potential to draw international banks and financial institutions. To achieve this objective, a descriptive method was employed, utilizing diverse data and statistics related to all public and private banks operating in Algeria, totaling 19 banks. The findings reveal a balanced interplay between the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks in the Algerian banking sector. Consequently, entering the Algerian banking sector presents a prudent and potentially lucrative opportunity for international banks, provided they comply with the country's banking laws and regulations. Sujets

Résumé: Subject and purpose of work: This study aims to determine the role of the Takaful insurance sector in enhancing the quantitative development of the Islamic finance industry. Materials and methods: It addresses the theoretical aspects of Takaful insurance and the Islamic finance industry, presenting methods for evaluating the development indicator of this industry in general and quantitative development in particular. Results: The study then examines how Takaful insurance contributes to this development during 2017-2023. Conclusions: The findings indicate that improvements in the development metrics for the Takaful insurance sector play a role in raising this indicator and simultaneously contribute to

Résumé: The ever-changing digital economy is explored in this study to improve financial institutions in Algeria. As digital technologies have become core to banking, Algerian financial institutions have used online banking, mobile apps, and e-payment systems to improve service delivery, customer engagement, and operational efficiency. This study highlights CPA, BNA, GIE Monétique, and SATIM's practical digital implementations and digital transformation efforts. Despite progress, this inquiry highlights regulatory problems, cultural aversion to digital payment methods, and infrastructural constraints. Consumer digital illiteracy and cybersecurity worries are further limits. According to the results, financial institutions should invest in digital infrastructure, reinforce regulatory frameworks, and improve financial literacy with cybersecurity. This will enable Algerian banks to improve service delivery and financial inclusion via the digital economy.

Résumé: This study investigates the learning preferences of undergraduate and postgraduate students in accounting and finance, focusing on the influence of academic level, nationality, and cultural background. A survey of 600 students from Algeria, Egypt, Palestine, and Oman revealed significant differences in learning approaches across these groups. The results show that postgraduate students tend to prefer digital tools and interactive methods, reflecting their greater familiarity with technology, while undergraduate students are more inclined toward traditional face-to-face learning. National and cultural factors were found to play an important role in shaping students’ views on both traditional and digital learning methods. The findings are interpreted through the lenses of differentiated learning theory, blended learning, and the cultural theory of education. This study suggests that educational institutions should consider these diverse preferences when designing curricula, promoting the integration of both traditional and digital approaches. The potential of hybrid learning models to enhance academic performance and student satisfaction is highlighted, supporting the need for more personalized teaching strategies. Future research is recommended to explore regional and subject-specific differences, examine the effects of hybrid learning on student outcomes, and assess how instructors adapt to digital teaching tools.

Résumé: Customers in Algeria are having their experiences with financial services transformed due to the digital transformation that is now taking place in the banking sector throughout the country. This trend is driven by the introduction of new technologies and digital solutions designed to improve the user experience in terms of ease, efficiency, and customisation. This article will analyse the impact that digitalisation has had on banking services, with a particular emphasis on how innovations have created banking services that are more customer-oriented and accessible. Nevertheless, the move is not without difficulties: the old infrastructure, the inadequate digital literacy among consumers, and the concerns about data security are all serious difficulties that banks must overcome. When fully fulfilling the promise of digital banking in Algeria, addressing these concerns will be paramount. The study presented valuable insights regarding how customer involvement and happiness might be improved. By identifying successful digital efforts that put banks on a route to manage these issues, the paper provides advice to be put into practice. Initiatives such as targeted digital literacy programs and partnerships with fintech companies have the potential to become crucial in establishing a banking environment that is both safer and more welcoming to all individuals. In addition, the findings of this study suggested that digital banking services should be developed with the end users in mind; hence, innovation will be necessary for a diverse consumer base. Consequently, the findings of this research would culminate in a recommendation for Algerian banks to develop appropriate levels of digitalisation to guarantee the loyalty of their customers and to create a banking environment that is both safer and more efficient.

Résumé: recent years, Algeria has implemented numerous legislative and institutional measures to diversify its economy, aiming to reduce its heavy reliance on hydrocarbons as a primary source of revenue. Despite these efforts, however, non-hydrocarbon exports remain minimal, rendering the economy highly susceptible to fluctuations in global oil prices. An analysis of export statistics and trends from 1993 to 2023 reveals a persistent structural imbalance in Algeria's export composition. The findings underscore the challenges institutions such as ALGEX face in significantly expanding exports beyond the oil sector. Key recommendations include establishing a more efficient framework to streamline export procedures and concentrating on sectors with high potential for international competitiveness. The study concludes that Algeria must prioritize institutional coordination by developing a comprehensive national export strategy to achieve sustainable economic diversification.

Résumé: Introduction: In a complex financial world where economic challenges are mounting, Islamic banks are emerging as an essential tool for understanding and developing the Islamic economy. They are not just ordinary banking institutions, but institutions that work to embody Islamic principles and values in the world of finance and business. Islamic banks are financial institutions that attract monetary resources from individuals in society and employ them effectively to ensure their growth within the established rules of Islamic law, serving the people of the nation and working to develop its economy. In simpler terms, Islamic banks are banks that carry out the banking activities of traditional banks but without dealing in interest (Riba), in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia, to achieve economic and social development. In recent decades, Islamic banking has undergone a qualitative transition from a limited emerging sector to a significant pillar of the global financial system. By the end of 2023, the assets of the Islamic financial industry exceeded US$4.9 trillion, with Islamic banks accounting for approximately 70% of this total, reflecting a significant increase in demand for Shariah-compliant products, as well as legislative and regulatory support provided by governments and supervisory institutions. This growth occurs within a global context of increasing interest in sustainability and green finance, alongside accelerating digital transformations in the financial sector and rising financial crises and global health pandemics, making Islamic banking a model worthy of study and analysis. Objective of the study: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global Islamic banking industry, highlighting the main challenges it faces and the experiences of some of the leading countries in this field. It also seeks to analyze the components of the Islamic banking industry and highlight its growth and geographical distribution, in addition to identifying the obstacles that limit its effectiveness, such as the variation in Sharia standards, the limited liquidity management tools, the inadequacy of rescue and deposit protection mechanisms, and the risks of digital transformation. 2 Study methodology: The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, analyzing data from international reports issued by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), and the International Monetary Fund, in addition to Islamic finance development reports issued by ICD–LSEG, as well as official data from central banks in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. Several previous studies were also analyzed, and leading experiences in Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom were compared to identify common successes and challenges. Study findings: The findings show that Islamic banking has become an integral part of the financial system in the Gulf and Southeast Asia, with a growing presence in Europe and Africa. Saudi Arabia was found to be the largest market in terms of asset size, while the UAE stood out for its effective centralized Sharia governance system. Malaysia emerged as a leading model for integrating sustainability principles into Islamic finance, and the UK succeeded in establishing a legal and tax framework conducive to the development of Islamic financial instruments such as sovereign sukuk. The study also concluded that the continued growth of the industry faces significant challenges, most notably the lack of high-quality liquidity instruments, the need for greater harmonization of Sharia and regulatory standards, the strengthening of rescue mechanisms and depositor protection, and the need to regulate Islamic financial technology to ensure Sharia compliance with smart contracts and digital applications. Conclusion: In light of these findings, it can be said that the future of Islamic banking depends on its ability to adapt to global changes in the areas of sustainability and digitalization, and on the effectiveness of international cooperation in harmonizing Sharia and regulatory standards. Enhancing transparency and innovation, along with expanding sukuk markets, especially green and social sukuk, is also a key entry point for ensuring sustainable growth and strengthening the position of Islamic banking in the global financial system.

Résumé: The insurance industry is a fundamental pillar of any developed economy, playing a vital role in providing financial protection for individuals, companies, and society as a whole. In the context of the economic and social changes that Algeria has experienced in recent decades, the study of the reality of the insurance industry becomes highly significant. This study aims to analyze the state of the insurance industry in Algeria during the period from 1995 to 2022 by examining legislative and regulatory aspects, market structure, and technical and financial activity. The descriptive method was employed to analyze data issued by the Ministry of Finance and the National Insurance Council. The study reached several conclusions, including the notable growth and development in the volume of insurance production, despite its weak contribution to the gross domestic product. It also highlighted the dominance of the property insurance sector and public insurance companies, the weak activity in personal insurance, and the limited presence of mixed and foreign private insurance companies. Moreover, mandatory insurance products, especially automobile insurance, held the largest market share.

Résumé: Islamic Waqf (Endowment) focuses on investing in productive capital assets that generate benefits and revenues consumed in the future, whether collectively, such as benefits for mosques or schools, or individually, as distributions to the poor and needy. It is a process that combines both saving and investing. Within this context, this study aims to analyze the extent of the Waqf's contribution as an Islamic financial instrument to achieving local development in Algerian provinces through a case study of Annaba Province (eastern Algeria). To achieve the aforementioned objective, the researchers conducted a field study at the headquarters of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. Interviews were conducted with the head of Religious Guidance and Rites and Waqf and with the Director of Religious Guidance and Waqf Office at the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. A descriptive approach was used to present the theoretical framework and previous studies, in addition to analyzing and discussing various statistics that serve the topic and obtained from the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in the province. The study concluded that there is limited contribution of the Waqf in achieving local development in Annaba Province due to several reasons, the most prominent being the weak income of Waqf, digitization, community awareness, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting frameworks governing them, not to mention the failure of Qard al-Hasan (interest free loan) program. Based on the aforementioned results, the study recommends the necessity of collecting and inventorying existing Waqf properties, searching for lost ones, registering them, and their legal settlement, along with good marketing for them.

Résumé: This research assesses the impact of participative leadership in tackling organisational silence within institutions, focusing on gathering insights from employees at Biskra's Public Health Institution. The research sample included 50 workers, and a descriptive methodology was used to elucidate and examine topics about the study subject. To accomplish this purpose, a questionnaire was used as the primary research instrument, supplemented by using SPSS.V22 for statistical data analysis. The study obtained several results, the most important of which is a moderate level of participative leadership, measured at an average of 3.272. Furthermore, it identified a heightened level of organisational silence among employees in the public health institutions of the local area under examination, with an average value of 3.533. In addition, participative leadership was instrumental in explaining 7.6% of the variations in organisational silence observed within the institutions studied.

Résumé: This study examines the prospects and obstacles of implementing digital marketing within Algeria's tourism industry. It employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a thorough literature analysis, to identify substantial prospects for utilizing digital marketing in the industry, such as the rising utilization of mobile devices and social media by tourists and the expansion of e-commerce in Algeria. The research identifies considerable obstacles, such as insufficient digital marketing expertise among tourism practitioners and inadequate internet connection and infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations for governments and stakeholders to address difficulties and leverage possibilities in digital marketing adoption.

Résumé: Despite the extensive economic literature on diaspora or migration and its negative impacts on origin economies, there is a growing trend among governments to explore mechanisms for leveraging this phenomenon to support economic development in the origin countries. This is particularly evident in efforts to encourage remittances and investment in financial instruments and products offered by institutions and governments of these countries. This study, within a descriptive and analytical framework, aims to examine the contribution of the diaspora in financing the economy, with a focus on the case of Nigeria, one of the African economies where the diaspora constitutes a significant percentage of the global migrant population. The study found that the diaspora plays a crucial role in financing the economy, whether through remittances or investments. However, there are several challenges and issues that need to be addressed to ensure the sustainability of diaspora financial flows to the origin countries

Résumé: This research paper aims to shed light on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in improving and developing aquaculture. AI and technological applications are among the most effective methods for mitigating the adverse effects of various risks, such as pollution and diseases, that may threaten aquaculture farms and investments. By enhancing the quality of aquatic products and improving the production process, AI not only supports the economy but also ensures the safety and quality of the food supply, thereby achieving food security. This is accomplished by providing AI equipment, tools, and protection for this type of investment. Various technological applications work to reduce production costs and encourage investment in aquaculture. However, there are challenges to implementing AI, including data collection, a lack of technical and financial support, and insufficient control over algorithms and selflearning techniques by farmers and investors, especially in developing countries.

Résumé: In 2023, startups in Algeria witnessed significant development, making them a promising sector for diversifying the Algerian economy and reducing dependence on hydrocarbons. This progress is due to various measures taken by the government, including the issuance of laws and regulations to support and accompany startups, the creation of electronic platforms for registering, protecting, and providing technical support to these enterprises, and the establishment of specific funding sources for startups. Within this framework, the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) has outlined a special program to contribute to this new direction by involving universities in supporting the creation of startups through Ministerial Decision No. 1275. This study aims to analyze and evaluate this new initiative adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education by examining several startup projects initiated by students as part of their graduation thesis discussions at the Faculty of Economic, Commercial, and Management Sciences (FSECSG) at Annaba University and the Higher School of Management Sciences (ESSG) in Annaba. The study concludes that this new vision adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education has several positive aspects that should be valued, including: supporting the linkage of Algerian universities with their socio-economic environment, supporting the local economy, and enhancing the level of Algerian universities. However, this new approach also has several weaknesses and negative points that need solutions, such as the lack of consideration in many startup projects for key aspects like SWOT analysis, legal aspects, and innovation. Additionally, the experience is generally new, resulting in a lack of an encouraging ecosystem for startups in Algeria.

Résumé: This research examines integrating talent management strategies—recruitment, development, and retention—with artificial intelligence in higher education institutions. The study aims to address how artificial intelligence can enhance talent management by recruiting technologically proficient staff, facilitating knowledge transfer, and automating routine tasks. Methodologically, the research draws on the descriptive-analytical method and qualitative data from case studies and expert interviews within university settings. Findings indicate that artificial intelligence significantly improves efficiency in human resources processes and promotes a shared vision between universities and stakeholders regarding the effective use of artificial intelligence for managing large datasets swiftly and accurately. The implications suggest that higher education institutions should invest in AI technologies and training to align with evolving educational needs and enhance institutional performance.

Résumé: This study aims to provide a comprehensive description, analysis, and evaluation of the tax system in Algeria. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the obstacles the tax system faces and propose potential solutions to address these issues. The descriptive analytical approach was employed to examine the present state of Algeria's domestic taxes to identify barriers and generate practical recommendations for their effective resolution. The study identified deficiencies in Algeria's tax system, encompassing inadequate income generation, restricted tax regulations, and an undue dependence on funding from the central government. This study proposes adopting a comprehensive set of reforms to tackle these challenges. These reforms encompass bolstering legal frameworks, augmenting tax revenues, enhancing the capabilities of local administrations, and prioritizing public awareness initiatives that are instrumental in fostering tax compliance. Additionally, it is imperative to provide support to the Central Government in its efforts to fortify tax collection at the local level. Ultimately, it is essential that all pertinent parties collectively adopt a comprehensive and effectively coordinated approach.

Résumé: Modernizing the social security sector in Algeria aims to improve the quality of services provided to citizens and simplify administrative procedures. Modern technologies such as digitization and electronic systems have been adopted to facilitate registration, compensation, and pension payments, reducing costs and time. These reforms include providing electronic portals for communication with citizens, enabling them to track their files and pay their contributions remotely. Unified databases have also been developed to improve coordination between various social security institutions, enhance transparency, and improve system efficiency. These efforts aim to ensure faster and easier access to services and achieve broader social coverage.

Résumé: This study explores talent management within Algerian institutions, focusing on international entities' challenges and experiences in nurturing gifted individuals. It examines the nature of talent management, particularly in organizations participating in the 16th Talent and Employment Fair in 2017. Despite operational challenges, multinational corporations showcased advanced techniques and programs. The findings emphasize the need for Algerian institutions to enhance planning, motivation, and performance evaluation to achieve effective human resource management. This research underscores practical implications, highlighting its relevance and impact on professional practices in the field of talent management.

Résumé: This article investigates how digital transformation affects Algeria's human resource strategy, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of connecting technology to people management. Algeria is modernizing its economy by incorporating digital technology into the public and private sectors, improving efficiency, lowering costs, and encouraging employee engagement. Infrastructure restrictions, a skills shortage, change resistance, and data privacy and security concerns remain. The study compares local case studies like Sonatrach and Algérie Télécom to multinationals like IBM and Shell to find the best ways to overcome these challenges. This emphasizes investing in digital skills, technical infrastructure, and creativity. Automation, predictive analytics, and flexible work arrangements can help organizations improve their HR strategies for long-term success. The conclusion offers practical advice for Algerian companies and organizations to digitalize human resources successfully. Digital HR is increasingly integrated into corporate strategy, impacting the future labor environment and Algeria's worldwide competitiveness.

Résumé: This study aimed to develop the solvency requirements for Takaful companies in Algeria, based on the experiences of some countries (Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain). This study used a descriptive approach, presenting and analyzing the quantitative and qualitative requirements, as well as the disclosure requirements for Takaful companies in these countries, including Algeria. It also used a comparative approach to identify the various similarities and differences between these requirements. This study found that Takaful companies in Algeria must meet the same solvency requirements as conventional insurance companies, particularly quantitative requirements. Finally, this study made several suggestions and recommendations on developing the solvency requirements for Takaful companies in Algeria and distinguishing them from those of conventional insurance companies. These suggestions relate in particular to investment requirements, the assessment and the recovery of the solvency margin, levels of intervention, qualitative requirements, and disclosure requirements.

Résumé: Waste management needs to shift from a linear to a more circular economy. This is crucial for addressing some of humanity's most pressing economic, environmental, and social challenges. This research will investigate cost efficiency, job creation, and the assurance of sustainable resource use in the context of applying circular economic principles to waste management. It highlights several shortcomings of traditional waste management models, including inefficiency, high costs, and negative environmental impacts. The research highlights the economic benefits of recycling, waste-to-energy technologies, and extended producer responsibility, drawing on international case studies from countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to estimate the value proposition of circularity and its socioeconomic market potential, including job opportunities and community growth. Among the challenges, high upfront investment costs, lacunas in regulation, and cultural resistance against consuming differently stand out. تحتاج إدارة النفايات إلى التحول من الاقتصاد الخطي إلى الاقتصاد الدائري بشكل أكبر، و ُعد هذا التحول ضروريًا لمعالجة بعض من أكثر المشكلات الاقتصادية والبيئية والاجتماعية إلحاحًا التي تواجه البشرية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في كفاءة التكاليف، وإيجاد فرص عمل، وضمان الاستخدام المستدام للموارد في سياق تطبيق مبادئ الاقتصاد الدائري على إدارة النفايات، وتشير إلى عدة أوجه قصور في نماذج إدارة النفايات التقليدية، مثل عدم الكفاءة، وارتفاع التكاليف، والتأثيرات البيئية السلبية. وتسلط الدراسة الضوء على الفوائد الاقتصادية لإعادة التدوير، وتكنولوجيات تحويل النفايات إلى طاقة، ومسؤولية المنتج الممتدة، من خلال دراسات حالة دولية من بلدان مثل هولندا والسويد واليابان. وتستخدم الدراسة نهجًا مختلطًا لتقدير القيمة المضافة للدائرية وإمكانات السوق والفوائد الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، بما في ذلك فرص العمل ونمو المجتمع. ومن بين التحديات، تبرز تكاليف الاستثمار الأولية المرتفعة، والفجوات في التشريعات، والمقاومة الثقافية تجاه أنماط استهلاك مختلفة.

Résumé: This article explores the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Algeria, highlighting unique opportunities and significant challenges. Algeria's strategic location, rich natural resources, and proximity to Europe and Africa have made it an attractive destination for investments in energy, manufacturing, and technology, with notable collaborations involving global companies such as BP, TotalEnergies, Renault, and Siemens. However, bureaucratic hurdles, regulatory complexities, and a heavy reliance on hydrocarbons hinder Algeria's investment climate. The study employs case studies of successful investments to examine the role of government support, public-private partnerships, and technological advancements in shaping the country’s economic trajectory. The findings emphasise that streamlining administrative processes, enhancing infrastructure, and promoting non-hydrocarbon industries are essential for boosting investment and fostering sustainable economic growth.

Résumé: Business is considered one of the primary sources of development in the countries, which has resulted in the need for attention from academics and researchers, as well as entrepreneurship. So, the Algerian state has adopted a strategy based on setting financial incentives and accompanying the young in general and the university in particular. This has led to severe thinking in the dissemination of entrepreneurship education in the university community in order to develop the culture of entrepreneurship among university graduates and establish small and medium enterprises. Still, the success of this strategy depends on the maturity of entrepreneurial thinking in this segment. This paper aims to explain the basic concepts related to entrepreneurship and the definition of small and medium enterprises. It will also showcase the efforts of the House of Contracting at the University Center Khamis Meliana in spreading awareness of entrepreneurship among the educated at various levels and disciplines Keywords: Contracting, Business culture, Education entrepreneurship, SME, House Contracting Khamis Miliana ملخص: تعتبر المقاولة أحد أهم مصادر تحقيق التنمية للدول، مما أفرز ضرورة الاهتمام بها من الأكاديميين والباحثين بجانب المقاولاتية، فتبنت الدولة الجزائرية استراتيجية مبنية على مجموعة من الحوافز المالية بالإضافة إلى المرافقة، تستهدف فئة الشباب بصفة عامة والجامعيين بصفة خاصة، أدى ذلك إلى التفكير الجدي في نشر التعليم المقاولاتي في الاوساط الجامعية من أجل تنمية ثقافة المقاولاتية لدى خريجي الجامعات بغية إنشاء مؤسسات صغيرة ومتوسطة، إلا أن نجاح هذه الاستراتيجية مرهون بنضج الفكر المقاولاتي لدى هذه الشريحة. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى شرح المفاهيم الأساسية المتعلقة بالمقاولاتية والتعريف بالمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وعرض جهود دار المقاولاتية بالمركز الجامعي خميس مليانة في نشر الوعي المقاولاتي لدى الفئة المتعلمة وعلى مختلف الأصعدة والتخصصات. الكلمات المفتاحية : المقاولاتية، الثقافة المقاولاتية، التعليم المقاولاتي، م ص م، دار المقاولاتية خميس مليانة

Résumé: For years, endowment funds have been the basis of financial stability for universities and charitable organizations, providing key resources necessary to support academic, research, and philanthropic initiatives. A significant shift in recent years has been allocating these funds to stimulate startup growth and increase the overall economic impact. It covers many mechanisms through which an endowment fund can actively invest in startups, including direct investment, venture capital partnerships, and creative, impact-oriented methodologies. The current research will closely examine several successful cases of endowment strategies at Yale and Stanford within international contexts, discussing Russian universities' challenges and outlining immense opportunities and complex challenges related to early-stage venture investment. That is, investments in startups can yield considerable financial returns; at the same time, however, they contain many significant hazards like the illiquidity and volatility of markets. To avoid these risks, endowment managers must utilize several strategies, including but not limited to diversification, staged investing, and due diligence. تلعب صناديق الوقف دورًا محوريًا في استقرار التمويل للمؤسسات الجامعية والمنظمات غير الربحية، مما يوفر موارد ضرورية لدعم الأنشطة الأكاديمية والبحثية والخيرية. لكن في الآونة الأخيرة، ظهر اتجاه جديد يركز على توظيف هذه الصناديق لدعم نمو الشركات الناشئة وتحفيز التنمية الاقتصادية. تتناول هذه الدراسة النماذج المختلفة لتوظيف صناديق الوقف في الاستثمارات في الشركات الناشئة، بدءًا من الاستثمارات المباشرة والشراكات مع صناديق رأس المال الجريء إلى الأساليب المبتكرة والموجهة نحو التأثير الاجتماعي. من خلال تحليل دراسات حالة ناجحة، مثل الاستراتيجيات الرائدة التي نفذتها جامعتا ييل وستانفورد، واستكشاف السياقات الدولية كالتحديات التي تواجهها الجامعات الروسية، تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على الفرص الكبيرة والتحديات المعقدة المرتبطة بالاستثمار في الشركات الناشئة في مراحلها المبكرة. تؤكد الدراسة أنه على الرغم من أن استثمارات الوقف في الشركات الناشئة يمكن أن تحقق عوائد مالية كبيرة، إلا أنها تحمل مخاطر كبيرة مثل نقص السيولة وتقلبات السوق. ولتخفيف هذه المخاطر، يجب على مديري الوقف استخدام استراتيجيات مثل التنويع، التمويل المرحلي، والتحقق الدقيق.

Résumé: ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز أهمية الاستثمار العالمي في مصادر الطاقات المتجددة كآلية لمواجهة الازمات التي شهدها العالم خلال الفترة الاخيرة نتيجة تقلبات أسعار الطاقة التقليدية التي يتصدرها النفط والغاز، وذلك عن طريق دراسة تأثير الأزمات على بقاء التوجه نحو الاستثمار في الطاقات المتجددة خاصة في الصين بعد أزمتي فيروس كورونا 19 والحرب الروسية الأوكرانية. وتوصلت الدراسة أنه رغم الأزمات التي عصفت بقطاع الطاقة مؤخرا الى أن إصرار الدول نحو التوجه للاستثمار في الطاقات المتجددة أصبح أكثر مما كان عليه خاصة في دولة الصين التي شهدت نموا كبيرا في هذا المجال، والتي تصدرت الاستثمارات العالمية في مجال الطاقات المتجددة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الأزمات؛ الاستثمار؛ الصين؛ الطاقات المتجددة.

Résumé: This investigation examines Algeria's concerted endeavors to foster an artificial intelligence (AI)- centric startup ecosystem to advance sustainable national development. It delineates the nation's strategic trajectory, scrutinizing comprehensive policies, pivotal governmental undertakings such as the National AI Strategy and the Algerian Startup Fund, and the institutional frameworks guiding this ambitious agenda. The analysis assesses the contemporary landscape, accentuating the emergent proliferation of AI startups and their principal application domains, concomitant with inherent advantages such as a youthful, educated demographic and substantial governmental support. Conversely, it critically appraises persistent impediments, encompassing the necessity for diversified funding mechanisms, infrastructural enhancement, augmented regulatory nimbleness, and the articulation of academic research with market-viable innovations. Through an evaluation of advancements, efficacy, and preliminary influences on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper posits that while foundational components are robustly established, the amelioration of extant obstacles is imperative for the ecosystem's maturation and capacity to engender enduring sustainable transformation. The discourse culminates by proffering strategic recommendations to consolidate this ecosystem, envisioning a future wherein Algeria substantially harnesses AI for economic diversification and youth employment, thereby significantly contributing to sustainable solutions regionally and globally.

Résumé: The present research addresses environmental complexities in supply chain management concerning Algeria’s logistics and construction industries. In fact, with the rise of global demand in sustainability, Algerian industries have fallen under pressing problems of high carbon emissions, overutilization of resources, and waste management. While this study has demarcated environmental impacts with a high degree of specificity, it has signified serious deficiencies in extant practices and regulatory regimes; however, it still calls for enhanced regulatory enforcement while prioritizing more innovative measures. Measures proposed to address these issues include the implementation of green logistics, circular economy principles, state-of-the-art technologies, and increased integration among stakeholder networks. The study proffers some actionable recommendations that would assist Algerian supply chains in reducing their ecological footprints while at the same time helping to ensure economic resilience and sustained competitiveness within an increasingly sustainability-focused market.

Résumé: The study investigates the impact of incentive systems on creativity in Algerian institutions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research reveals that while extrinsic incentives are often emphasized, intrinsic motivation is crucial in fostering creative output. The study's findings offer novel insights into the dynamics of creativity in Algerian organizations and contribute to the literature on incentive systems by demonstrating the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors in a culturally specific context.

Résumé: The steppe region in Algeria is characterised by its vast area, pasture plains, and lack of trees, which constitutes a suitable environment for practising livestock breeding activity. The Algerian state seeks, through development programs, to rehabilitate pastoral lands and develop the milk sector in the region. This research paper aims to analyse the impact of government support on the development of the milk division in Algeria in general and in the steppe region by following the descriptive analytical approach by analysing various data on herd size and fresh milk production in the study area. At the end of this work, we concluded that the results of these subsidies were average and below expectations and that the values of direct support provided by the Algerian state to the actors in the milk division within the framework of the program to develop fresh milk production have not changed since 2009, compared to the rise in feed prices in global markets, which caused the reluctance of farmers to invest in this sector.

Résumé: This paper explores Algeria's perspective on FinTech in international trade, emphasizing opportunities to enhance efficiency and challenges impeding adoption. FinTech can reduce transaction costs, improve transparency, and expand market access for Algerian firms. However, barriers such as regulatory uncertainty, weak infrastructure, and low digital literacy hinder progress. The study concludes that addressing these challenges through regulatory reforms, infrastructure development, and capacity-building is crucial. Such measures can enable Algeria to fully leverage FinTech, enhancing its competitiveness in global trade and fostering economic growth through expanded trade opportunities.

Résumé: This study examined and analysed the effects of credibility, quality, positivity and negativity, ease of dissemination, and interactivity on tourism consumers' purchasing decisions. A sample of 184 local Algerian visitors was surveyed via social media using an electronic questionnaire. Statistics were used with SPSS 20 to analyse the data and assess the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed that the E-WOM had a positive, varying effect on tourism consumers' purchasing decisions, with interactivity, credibility, quality, and positivity having similar effects, but the ease of dissemination had the greatest impact.

Résumé: This study delves into the subject of economic diversification and takeoff, aiming to highlight aspects of Algeria's economic development policies. Algeria, despite its earnest efforts in recent years, is still classified globally as a developing country in the economic domain. However, it has made notable strides in recent years in altering its economic structure through reforms, a shift towards a market economy, and a greater focus on economic diversification beyond the hydrocarbon sector. This is significant in the context of Arab and international economic integration.

Résumé: This research aims to impact social response's impact on customer satisfaction and trust in the service company Mobilis. To assess this effect, we conducted a field study involving the distribution of questionnaires to a sample of 60 Mobilis customers in the Wilaya of Saïda. The data was analysed using the SPSS v26 program, employing the legal correlation measurement method. Our findings reveal a direct positive impact of social responsibility dimensions on customer satisfaction and trust in the service company Mobilis

Résumé: This study investigates the dynamic interplay between the green economy, sustainable development, and the circular economy. It underscores increasing urgency of environmental issues and the need for effective strategies. The circular economy is crucial for achieving a green economy and sustainable development, primarily focusing on waste reduction through reuse, repair, and recycling. This study takes a global perspective, aiming to minimize waste and pollution by designing products for longevity and renewability. It also examines how various countries, including Algeria, adopt circular economy principles to tackle environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices.

Résumé: This study investigates the perceived effectiveness of the green marketing mix among Algerian consumers. It examines its impact on consumer behavior and environmental attitudes, mainly through purchasing decisions related to eco-friendly products. The sample comprises active consumers of green products. A descriptive-analytical method was employed, and a questionnaire was used to gauge respondents' attitudes towards the study variables. Data from 120 respondents were analyzed using SPSS to test the research hypothesis. The findings reveal that the green marketing mix elements are highly perceived, with the green product ranking highest, followed by promotion, distribution, and pricing. Algerian consumer behavior towards environmental sustainability and green products is also notably strong. The green marketing mix elements showed a statistically significant correlation with consumer environmental behavior at a significance level of 0.05. These findings provide insights that can guide businesses' marketing strategies and help them cater to the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly products.

Résumé: The study aims to elucidate the challenges and ramifications of financial technology and cryptocurrencies on financial stability by identifying the advantages and threats associated with implementing financial technology and using cryptocurrencies on financial stability. The study concludes that financial stability faces significant threats, primarily linked to cybersecurity and privacy concerns. Financial technology enables the reduction of risks and costs and the development of specialized financial tools for risk management, thus enhancing financial stability. Cryptocurrencies are utilized in speculative operations and are considered a source of financial instability due to their economic significance in transferring collapse risks to stock markets. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a regulatory environment for financial technology

Résumé: This paper does an econometric analysis to investigate the relationship between changes in exchange rates and Algerian economic growth from 1990 to 2022. This paper examines previous data to determine how exchange rate swings affect Algeria's economy, emphasizing its export dependency. The research examined immediate and long-term exchange rate- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) connections using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The model's stability and optimal time delay are assessed in the early tests. The ARDL limits testing method confirms a cointegrating connection, demonstrating a stable long-term balance between variables. An initial study shows that the exchange rate negatively impacts economic development, exposing the difficulties of imported inflation and currency instability. The study reveals no significant effects, proposing separating nominal and real aspects over more extended periods. These results help policymakers understand how exchange rate policies affect economic growth.

Résumé: This study seeks to examine the correlation between agricultural investment expenditure and per capita agrarian output in Algeria from 2000 to 2022. It will utilize the ARDL model and consider per capita agrarian output as an indicator of food security (measured by GDP-AGR) and Agricultural Public Investment (INV-AGRO) as another indicator. The research determined that there is no immediate correlation. The analysis demonstrated a significant and enduring correlation between per capita agricultural production and agricultural public investment. This association may be attributed to the lasting impact of agricultural policy. The research also found that there is a positive correlation between agricultural public investment and per capita share. Specifically, for every one-unit increase in agricultural public investment, there is a 0.98-unit increase in per capita share. This confirms the significant role of the agriculture sector in promoting economic development.

Résumé: The present research addresses environmental complexities in supply chain management concerning Algeria’s logistics and construction industries. In fact, with the rise of global demand in sustainability, Algerian industries have fallen under pressing problems of high carbon emissions, overutilization of resources, and waste management. While this study has demarcated environmental impacts with a high degree of specificity, it has signified serious deficiencies in extant practices and regulatory regimes; however, it still calls for enhanced regulatory enforcement while prioritizing more innovative measures. Measures proposed to address these issues include the implementation of green logistics, circular economy principles, state-of-the-art technologies, and increased integration among stakeholder networks. The study proffers some actionable recommendations that would assist Algerian supply chains in reducing their ecological footprints while at the same time helping to ensure economic resilience and sustained competitiveness within an increasingly sustainability-focused market.

Résumé: This paper examines the evolution of startups in Algeria, including the obstacles and possibilities that influence the nation's entrepreneurial environment. Startups are significant catalysts for economic expansion, innovation, and job creation. Notwithstanding this considerable potential, entrepreneurs in Algeria have several problems, such as restricted access to financing, regulatory obstacles, a deficiency of skills, and inadequate infrastructure. The findings indicate that despite ongoing problems, substantial prospects for development exist, primarily through augmented government backing, the proliferation of digital technologies, and improved collaboration between startups and established companies. The report closes by recommending strategic measures to address current obstacles and provide a more favorable environment for startup growth in Algeria.

Résumé: This chapter explores Green Human Resources Management (Green HRM) as a key driver of sustainability in emerging economies facing environmental and social challenges from rapid industrial growth. It outlines how Green HRM fosters eco-friendly practices through HR functions, influencing employee behavior and enhancing engagement by aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The chapter also addresses implementation challenges and offers strategies for overcoming them, including awareness-raising and tailored training programs. Through case studies demonstrating successful Green HRM initiatives, it highlights the benefits for organizational sustainability and operational efficiency, calling for further research and collaboration among stakeholders to build a sustainable future.

Résumé: This book chapter explores how AI can address long-standing limitations in human resource training and development. It demonstrates AI's potential to enhance training through personalization, adaptive learning, progress tracking, and interactive tools, fostering organizational excellence and adaptability. The research examines how AI can support human resource development by analyzing user data, creating personalized content, and optimizing educational pathways. Platforms like Coursera and LinkedIn Learning use AI for course recommendations, while systems like Dream Box adjust content difficulty in real time. AI-powered chatbots and virtual trainers offer timely support, and predictive analytics anticipate future skill needs. Gamification further engages learners with interactive experiences. Overall, AI makes training more personalized and effective, aligning educational outcomes with individual and organizational goals, and recommends ongoing evaluation and refinement of AI-driven training

Résumé: تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى معرفة آليات مساهمة نطام المعلومات التسويقي في ظل الرقمنة في حماية البيئة، لأن هذه الأخيرة أصبحت ضمن أولويات التنمية المستدامة على المستوى العالمي، وقد فرضت هذه الاعتبارات البيئية ضغوطا متزايدة على المؤسسات، وعليه فإن أي مؤسسة تسعى للاستدامة والنجاح على المدى الطويل لم يعد يكفيها تحقيق الأرباح فحسب، بل يتوجب عليها دمج الأبعاد البيئية في صميم استراتيجيتها التشغيلية والتسويقية. وفي الأخير، خلصت هذه الدراسة بتقديم توصيات تركز على القدرات الرقمية البيئية لمسؤولي التسويق قصد تحفيزهم على دمج الفكر الأخضر في استراتيجيات التسويق، وذلك من خلال إنشاء منصات معلوماتية بيئية تساعد على تحليل بيانات الانبعاثات والاستهلاك وتوجيه الاستراتيجيات التسويقية نحو المنتجات الخضراء.

Résumé: The pursuit of sustainable development has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges facing the global community. As conventional financial models continue to demonstrate limitations in addressing systemic issues of poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, there is growing recognition of the need for alternative approaches that integrate ethical considerations with economic objectives. This paper examines Islamic finance as a comprehensive framework for community- driven sustainable development, analyzing how its foundational principles align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through an exploration of key Islamic financial instruments—including Zakat, Waqf, Sukuk, and partnership-based financing mechanisms—this study demonstrates how these tools can mobilize resources for poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability, and social equity at the grassroots level. The analysis draws on theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and case studies from diverse contexts to illustrate the practical application of Islamic finance in achieving sustainable development outcomes. Findings indicate that Islamic finance offers unique advantages in promoting risk-sharing, ethical investment, and community empowerment, though challenges related to standardization, governance, and scaling remain. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening the role of Islamic finance in advancing global sustainability agendas.

Résumé: This paper examines the evolving landscape of global green finance as a critical mechanism for achieving sustainable development and addressing climate change. The study analyzes current trends, financial mechanisms, and structural challenges in green finance worldwide. Drawing from comprehensive market data and international policy frameworks, the research demonstrates that climate finance reached USD 1.46 trillion in 2022, with the sustainable finance market projected to grow from USD 754.43 billion in 2024 to USD 38.19 trillion by 2034. The analysis reveals that green finance encompasses diverse instruments including green bonds, sustainable loans, climate funds, and blended finance approaches, with Europe, the United States, and China leading global policy initiatives. However, significant challenges persist, particularly in developing countries where structural barriers including unclear returns on investment, extended timelines, regulatory gaps, and limited access to capital constrain effective deployment. The study emphasizes that bridging the USD 2.5 trillion annual financing gap for sustainable development requires comprehensive solutions including taxonomy harmonization, institutional capacity building, innovative risk mitigation mechanisms, and enhanced public-private partnerships. The findings underscore that successful green finance implementation depends on coordinated efforts across stakeholders, supportive regulatory frameworks, and continued innovation in financial instruments and digital platforms.

Résumé: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is a paradigm shift for higher education institutions (HEIs), moving beyond static data archives to intelligent, automated decision-support systems. AI adoption in KMS is increasingly seen as a strategic imperative to overcome inefficiencies and siloed information prevalent in conventional academic knowledge practices. This paper examines how AI—encompassing both traditional predictive algorithms and generative models—can enhance each stage of the knowledge management lifecycle in HEIs, from knowledge capture and storage to dissemination and application. The transformative impact of AI manifests in improved content scalability (e.g. automated content creation reducing development time), intelligent knowledge architectures (semantic networks enabling context-aware retrieval), and quantifiable gains in student success (early-intervention analytics yielding record reductions in failure rates). These benefits are illustrated with applications and case examples, including personalized learning pathways, streamlined research processes, and data-driven administrative decision-making in the Algerian higher education context. At the same time, the deployment of AI-enhanced KMS raises critical governance challenges. The paper discusses the need for proactive measures to ensure fairness, transparency, and academic integrity – for example, mitigating algorithmic bias and preventing the amplification of educational inequities. Institutions must invest in AI literacy for faculty and staff and establish robust ethical frameworks (e.g. principles of transparency, trust, ethics, and bias mitigation) to guide AI use. Ultimately, by responsibly leveraging AI to automate routine tasks and inform decision-making, HEIs can liberate human expertise for higher-value activities such as personalized mentorship, creative inquiry, and strategic planning, thus making the knowledge ecosystem more efficient, equitable, and innovative.

Résumé: This paper explores how lessons from international experiences in Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to empower Algerian startups and support the country's transition toward a digital and diversified economy. With AI at the heart of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, many countries have implemented strategic frameworks to integrate AI into their startup ecosystems, achieving notable progress in innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. Through a comparative case study analysis of four countries — the United States, France, India, and China — this study identifies key factors enabling successful AI adoption in startups, including supportive policies, investment in infrastructure, talent development, and ethical frameworks. The findings are then contrasted with the current state of Algerian startups, highlighting existing gaps and opportunities. The paper concludes with policy recommendations tailored to Algeria's socio-economic context, aiming to foster a robust environment for AI-driven innovation in emerging enterprises. This research contributes to ongoing efforts to build a dynamic digital economy in Algeria, positioning startups as key actors in the country's national economic transformation.

Résumé: This research paper examines a topic of paramount importance in organizational operations, specifically the adoption of innovative strategies by leading corporations to enhance their sales performance through digital public relations. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of digitizing public relations through artificial intelligence (AI), analyze AI governance frameworks and their implications for public relations practices, and substantiate these findings through a case study of Hyundai Corporation. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence has significantly contributed to enhancing the operational functions of leading economic institutions within their respective environments. Hyundai Corporation exemplifies this trend, having achieved considerable success in establishing effective public relations through digitization and AI governance by implementing comprehensive regulatory and legal frameworks to ensure responsible utilization of this technology in pursuit of organizational objectives.

Résumé: This study investigates how Saudi Arabia has leveraged digital transformation to strengthen financial oversight in its economic institutions. It traces the Kingdom's digital journey from the Yusr e-government program through the current Smart Government Strategy aligned with Vision 2030. The research highlights key digital platforms—including Absher, Nafath, and Shamel 2.0—that have revolutionized financial monitoring through real-time tracking, AI- powered analytics, and integrated data systems. Findings show that these technologies have improved transparency, accelerated fraud detection, reduced costs, and enhanced decision- making. The study emphasizes that success depends not only on technology but also on strong regulatory frameworks and institutional coordination, with the Digital Government Authority playing a crucial role in standardizing implementation across government entities.

Résumé: This study examines the evolution of scholarly research on exchange rate regimes in developing and emerging economies through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 199 publications indexed in Scopus between 2015 and early 2025. Using VOSviewer software, we analyze citation patterns, co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clusters to map the intellectual landscape of this field. Our findings reveal fluctuating research output with peaks in 2016 and 2018, followed by cyclical patterns through 2025. The United States dominates both publication volume (54 articles) and collaborative networks, while the Journal of International Money and Finance serves as the primary publication outlet. The most influential works focus on monetary policy spillovers, the trilemma framework, and crisis vulnerability. Thematically, the field has evolved from crisis-oriented perspectives toward broader concerns about policy coordination, inflation targeting, and growth implications. The research highlights five distinct thematic clusters encompassing monetary policy coordination, institutional frameworks, currency dynamics, price stability, and growth outcomes. These findings provide insights into current research priorities and suggest future directions at the intersection of exchange rate management and development policy.

Résumé: In recent decades, Islamic banking has emerged as a significant pillar in the global economic system, thanks to its financial products that adhere to Islamic Sharia principles and cater to the diverse needs of a broad range of customers. The industry has experienced significant expansion in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, and is now establishing attendance in European markets. In Algeria, despite previous efforts to introduce Islamic banking services since the 1990s, interest in them has increased significantly as part of the government's efforts to diversify the country's economic system in recent years, promote financial inclusion, and attract both local and foreign capital. Nevertheless, analysis of its growth opportunities must be conducted using analytical techniques that can take into consideration the general external environment that conditions it. In this case, the PESTEL model can be used as a valid approach to identifying political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors.

Résumé: Abstract: In recent years, a groundbreaking technological innovation has emerged—Blockchain technology. Initially met with skepticism and outright rejection by major financial institutions, this technology has garnered immense interest, with institutions willing to invest millions of dollars to master its optimal application. This paradigm shift is driven by blockchain's unparalleled advantages, with expectations that it will profoundly transform business sectors. According to reports from esteemed sources such as Forbes, institutions that fail to adapt to this technological evolution may face obsolescence. The findings of this study indicate that modern financial technologies, including blockchain, have already made inroads into the Islamic financial industry, despite being in their nascent stages. This signals a forthcoming revolution in the sector, paving the way for transformative changes in the Islamic financial landscape. Accordingly, this research aims to shed light on the future of the Islamic financial industry in an era of increasing reliance on blockchain technology, focusing on the United Arab Emirates, one of the pioneering leaders in this field within the Arab and Islamic world.

Résumé: This research paper aimed to analyze the role that information and communications technology plays in implementing contemporary electronic management of the relationship of an Algerian service institution with its customers, through the support it provides in building and maintaining lasting and profitable relationships with existing and new customers, because electronic customer relationship management is considered one of the largest fields. Functionality leading to the success of e-business, the most developed technology in the current era and the most rapid in benefiting from the latest developments in modern technologies. Finally, this study concluded that the integration of Information and Communication Technology for Algeria Telecom Company in its software, networks and social media offers a great opportunity for it to consolidate and build business relationships with customers embodied in an electronic format, which contribute to e-satisfaction e-loyalty (supported by the electronic nature), and then Many achieve its competitive advantages.

Résumé: Examining the interplay between inflation and currency volatility in Algeria from 2010 to 2022 is the primary objective of this study. The study used MIDAS regressions using Almon Lag Polynomials to analyze quarterly Inflation Rate and monthly Exchange Rate data evaluated using Eviews 12. During the period under consideration, when high exchange rates occurred more frequently (monthly), the data indicate that low inflation rates occurred more frequently. The study found that the exchange rate and inflation have a positive link immediately and an even larger correlation after four months. With the current exchange rate data only allowing for inflation rate forecasts up to the first quarter of 2023, this study also shows that inflation's short-term forecasting capabilities are limited.

Résumé: This study investigates the role of digital transformation in activating and enhancing public procurement mechanisms to achieve sustainable local development in Algeria. Public procurement serves as a vital instrument for implementing development policies and projects at the local level. Yet, traditional procurement systems in Algeria face numerous challenges including limited transparency, bureaucratic complexity, delayed implementation, and insufficient contribution to local development objectives. This research examines how digital transformation initiatives, including e-procurement platforms, digital payment systems, and smart monitoring tools, can effectively activate public procurement processes and align them with sustainable development goals. The study employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze Algeria's current digital transformation efforts in public procurement, evaluate the implementation of the national e-procurement portal, and assess its impact on local development outcomes. The research identifies critical success factors, implementation challenges, and best practices for leveraging digital technologies to ensure that public contracts generate maximum value for local communities. Findings reveal that strategic digital transformation of procurement processes can significantly enhance operational efficiency, promote local economic development, create employment opportunities, and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the Algerian context. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to accelerate digital transformation in public procurement and maximize its contribution to sustainable local development.

Résumé: This study endeavors to illuminate the landscape of Human Resource Management within the contemporary context of Artificial Intelligence. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this research proffers a conceptual exposition of both Human Resource Management and Artificial Intelligence, whilst concurrently examining the principal elements associated with the influence of Artificial Intelligence upon Human Resource Management. The investigation reveals that Artificial Intelligence has precipitated a paradigm shift within Human Resource Management, emerging as an instrumental catalyst for augmenting efficiency, precision, and innovation in administrative practices. It has facilitated the automation of routine processes, the analysis of extensive datasets, and the formulation of decisions substantiated by predictive insights. Nevertheless, this transformation has inherent challenges, particularly concerning the humanistic dimension and ethical considerations in business. In conclusion, this study proffers recommendations for a proactive adaptation to this technological revolution.

Résumé: تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى معرفة آليات مساهمة التسويق الالكتروني للخدمة المصرفية في مواجهة تحديات الرقمنة، لأن هذه الأخيرة سمحت للبنوك من الوصول إلى العملاء في عالم رقمي متزايد التعقيد، مما يسهل التحول نحو تقديم خدمات مصرفية رقمية جديدة، واتاحة التفاعل السريع وتقديم الدعم للعملاء، ويساهم في تعزيز الثقة في الخدمات المصرفية الرقمية، ويعزز القدرة التنافسية للبنك في السوق الحالي. وفي الأخير، خلصت هذه الدراسة بتقديم توصيات للبنوك العربية عموما والبنوك الجزائرية على وجه الخصوص حتى يصبح التسويق للخدمة المصرفية الالكترونية ضرورة استراتيجية خاصة في ظل التحولات السريعة للتكنولوجيا المالية وتغير سلوكيات العميل، مما يُمكّن تلك البنوك من البقاء في قلب المنافسة ومواكبة التحولات الرقمية، وتسمح لها بالاستجابة السريعة لتطلعات العملاء، وضمان استدامة نشاطها في بيئة تتسم بالتغير السريع والشمول المالي.

Résumé: في هذه الدراسة نسعى إلى تسليط الضوء على اهم موضوع والذي يتعين بالحوكمة في القطاع الصحي، فقد كان الهدف الرئيسي للدراسة هو الاطلاع على أحدث الأساليب في حوكمة المؤسسات الصحية . من خلال الطرح النظري للاتجاهات الحديثة للحوكمة في الرعاية الصحية وكذا ابراز ما توصلت اليه بعض الدول الأوروبية في الحوكمة لمؤسسات القطاع الصحي، وركزنا على دولتي فرنسا والنرويج كدولتين رائدتين في مجال الرعاية الصحية. وقد تبين من خلال الدراسة أن دولة فرنسا كانت ولتزال من الدول الاوروبية التي عرفت تغييرا حقيقيا في القطاع الصحي، وسخرت الحكومة الفرنسية كل الطاقات والمناخ المناسب لتطبيق أحدث الأساليب في حوكمة مؤسسات الرعاية الصحية.

Résumé: في هذه المداخلة سنقوم بتحليل التكامل الاقتصادي لدول آسيوية وأبعاد جاذبية الاستثمار في هذه الدول. إذ يهدف البحث إلى الوقوف على مدى الإهتمام الذي توليه الدول الاسيوية لموضوع الاستثمار الاجنبي في ضوء التكامل الاقتصادي، وذلك من حيث دراسة أهم العوامل الجاذبة للاستثمار الأجنبي في الدول الاسيوية ومؤشراتها. وقد ركزت دراستنا على بعض دول قارة آسيا من خلال دراسة أهم المؤشرات المساهمة في إستقطاب الاستثمارات الأجنبية وخاصة الهند، باكستان، الصين منها. قد توصلت دراستنا إلى أنَّ الاهتمام بالاستثمار الخارجي يمثل خيارًا استراتيجيًا لدول آسيا من أجل تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية المستدامة، وتعزيز قدرتها التنافسية في الأسواق العالمية، في ظل التعاون الاقتصادي الآسيوي.

Résumé: من خلال هذه الدراسة حاولنا معالجة موضوع في غاية الأهمية والمتعلق بواقع الدفع الالكتروني في البنوك الجزائرية، وذلك بهدف معرفة مدى قدرة البنوك الجزائرية على تطبيق مبادئ الصيرفة الإلكترونية ومدى نجاحها في ذلك، وقد تم التوصل إلى أن البنوك الجزائرية تحاول تطبيق الصيرفة الإلكترونية من خلال محاولتها تطوير وسائل الدفع الإلكترونية خاصة ما يتعلق بالبطاقات البنكية وكذا أنظمة الدفع الإلكترونية، وقد شهدت في السنوات الأخيرة تزايدا في عدد المعاملات‘ إلا أنها لم ترقى بعد للمستوى المطلوب.

Résumé: تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى التعرف على كيفية مساهمة الاقتصاد السلوكي في صياغة السياسات العامة وتوجيه سلوك الأفراد نحو الأفضل، لأن فهم العوامل التي تؤثر على سلوك الأفراد يساعد على تصميم سياسات تشجع الاقتصاد السلوكي الإيجابي وتعزز الرفاهية الاجتماعية. وفي الأخير، خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أن الاقتصاد السلوكي له دورا مهما في صنع السياسات الاقتصادية الفعالة وتوجيه سلوك الأفراد نحو سلوكيات أفضل، حيث يمكن للمسؤولين عن صنع القرارات تحسين تصميم السياسات الضريبية، وتشجيع التوفير والاستثمار، وتعزيز الانتقال إلى سلوك مستدام وصديق للبيئة، وتعزيز التعاون الاجتماعي لتحقيق الاستقرار في الاقتصاد السلوكي والعام. كلمات مفتاحية:

Résumé: نهج والنتيجة والتوصية19:27تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دور الاندماج المصرفي كآلية استراتيجية لتحقيق الاستقرار المالي وتعزيز قدرة البنوك على مواجهة الأزمات المالية من خلال تقوية القاعدة الرأسمالية وتحسين إدارة المخاطر. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاستعراض الأدبيات النظرية، والمنهج المقارن لتحليل التجارب الدولية الناجحة في مجال الاندماج المصرفي، مع استخدام المؤشرات المالية لقياس أثر الاندماج على استقرار النظام المصرفي. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الاندماج المصرفي يساهم بشكل فعال في تعزيز الملاءة المالية للبنوك وزيادة مقاومتها للصدمات الاقتصادية، وتحقيق وفورات الحجم، وتقليل المخاطر النظامية، مما يعزز استقرار القطاع المالي بشكل عام. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تشجيع عمليات الاندماج المصرفي المدروسة تحت إشراف البنوك المركزية، مع وضع إطار تنظيمي صارم لضمان نجاح هذه العمليات، وتعزيز آليات الرقابة المصرفية، والاستفادة من التجارب الدولية في هذا المجال لتحقيق استقرار مالي مستدام.

Résumé: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز الدور المحوري الذي تلعبه البرامج المحاسبية الحديثة في تسريع وتيرة التحول الرقمي للمؤسسات الاقتصادية وتحسين كفاءة العمليات المالية والمحاسبية من خلال الأتمتة والتكامل التقني. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاستعراض مفهوم التحول الرقمي وأنواع البرامج المحاسبية، والمنهج الاستقرائي لتحليل واقع استخدام هذه البرامج في المؤسسات، مع دراسة حالات تطبيقية لمؤسسات نجحت في تبني الحلول المحاسبية الرقمية. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن البرامج المحاسبية تساهم بشكل كبير في تعزيز التحول الرقمي من خلال تحسين دقة وسرعة معالجة البيانات المالية، تقليل الأخطاء البشرية، تسهيل عملية اتخاذ القرارات بفضل التقارير الآنية، تعزيز الشفافية والامتثال للمعايير المحاسبية، وتحقيق التكامل بين مختلف أنظمة المؤسسة. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تبني المؤسسات للبرامج المحاسبية المتطورة كخطوة أساسية نحو التحول الرقمي الشامل، الاستثمار في تدريب الموارد البشرية على استخدام هذه التقنيات، تحديث البنية التحتية التكنولوجية، وتطوير الإطار التنظيمي والقانوني لمواكبة التطورات الرقمية في المجال المحاسبي.

Résumé: This study aims to explore the vital role that knowledge management plays in enhancing intellectual capital in public institutions, particularly in the context of accelerating digital transformations and the global shift toward a knowledge economy. The research addresses the challenge of underutilized knowledge and intellectual assets in public sector organizations, despite their possession of qualified human resources and accumulated institutional expertise. The study examines the theoretical foundations and interactive relationships between knowledge management processes—including knowledge creation, storage, dissemination, and application—and the three fundamental dimensions of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. It provides a comprehensive review of knowledge management frameworks, models, and best practices relevant to public sector contexts, while identifying the key organizational, cultural, and technological factors that influence the successful implementation of knowledge management initiatives. Through an extensive literature review and theoretical analysis, the study demonstrates that effective knowledge management strategies, when supported by an enabling organizational culture, advanced information systems, and appropriate incentive mechanisms, serve as critical drivers for developing institutional knowledge capabilities and enhancing intellectual capital value. The research highlights how these elements collectively contribute to improved organizational performance, innovation capacity, and the delivery of high-quality public services in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. The study concludes with a theoretical framework that integrates knowledge management and intellectual capital concepts, offering insights for public sector organizations seeking to leverage their knowledge assets strategically. This framework emphasizes the importance of systematic approaches to knowledge management as a foundation for sustainable institutional development and enhanced public value creation.

Résumé: ملخص علمي دور المنتجات الخضراء في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة: دراسة حالة الأجهزة الكهرومنزلية الصديقة للبيئة لشركة كوندور إلكترونيكس تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الدور المحوري الذي تلعبه المنتجات الخضراء في تحقيق أبعاد التنمية المستدامة من خلال دراسة تطبيقية على الأجهزة الكهرومنزلية الصديقة للبيئة التي تنتجها شركة كوندور إلكترونيكس الجزائرية، وتقييم مدى مساهمة هذه المنتجات في الحد من الآثار البيئية السلبية مع تعزيز الكفاءة الاقتصادية والمسؤولية الاجتماعية. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاستعراض الإطار النظري للمنتجات الخضراء والتنمية المستدامة، ومنهج دراسة الحالة لتحليل تجربة شركة كوندور إلكترونيكس، بالإضافة إلى استخدام الأدوات الإحصائية لتحليل البيانات المتعلقة بكفاءة استهلاك الطاقة، معايير التصنيع البيئية، ودرجة رضا المستهلكين عن المنتجات الخضراء. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الأجهزة الكهرومنزلية الصديقة للبيئة لشركة كوندور تساهم بشكل فعال في تقليل استهلاك الطاقة والانبعاثات الكربونية، وتعزز ثقافة الاستهلاك المسؤول لدى المستهلكين الجزائريين، كما أن تبني معايير التصنيع الأخضر يحقق وفورات تكاليفية طويلة الأجل ويعزز القدرة التنافسية للشركة في السوق المحلية والإقليمية، مما يدعم التحول نحو اقتصاد أخضر مستدام. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تكثيف جهود الشركات الجزائرية في تطوير وإنتاج المنتجات الخضراء من خلال الاستثمار في البحث والتطوير والتكنولوجيا النظيفة، تعزيز الوعي البيئي لدى المستهلكين من خلال حملات توعوية حول فوائد المنتجات الخضراء، وضع حوافز حكومية تشجع المؤسسات على تبني معايير الإنتاج الأخضر، وتطوير إطار تنظيمي وطني يلزم الشركات بالالتزام بالمعايير البيئية الدولية لضمان استدامة التنمية الاقتصادية والبيئية في الجزائر.