Résumé: This study aims to analyze the development of the reinsurance offering in Algeria by examining the evolution of national acceptances, primarily represented by the premiums accepted by the Central Reinsurance Company (CCR), and international acceptances by foreign reinsurance companies during the period (2010-2023). The study mainly employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The research concluded that, since the implementation of Executive Decree No. 10-207, the mandatory cession rate to the CCR has increased to 50%, leading to a rise in the volume of premiums accepted locally to over 90% of the CCR’s total activity. In contrast, international premiums did not exceed an average of 10%. Although national acceptances constitute the bulk of the CCR’s business, the company has achieved notable progress in the international market in recent years thanks to policies aimed at expanding its external activities. The dominance of the local market is attributed to the CCR's monopoly over national acceptances, enhancing its capacity to absorb major risks in the local market, particularly in the IARDT (Fire, Accidents, Miscellaneous Risks, and Transport) branch and natural disasters. However, the company faces challenges in the international market, including intense competition in Europe. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of developing the Algerian reinsurance market by updating the legislative framework and creating a competitive environment, which would enhance the ability of Algeria to manage risks more effectively locally and internationally.

Résumé: This article discusses the incorporation of smart contracts, blockchain technology, and the adoption of the circular economy model in the Gulf Cooperation Council region with a focus on how these innovations can improve the overall sustainability of organizations. Adopting qualitative methodology, using secondary data, and building reliable themes for analysis, it seeks to address how blockchain’s decentralized and transparent nature enhances sustainable development by ensuring commodities are traceable, waste is minimized, and processes are streamlined in various sectors including energy, manufacturing and food security. As self-executing agreements, smart contracts also aid the automation of systems and processes, increase the effectiveness of procedures and eliminate the need for oversight. Countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council that are using innovations such as Ever ledger, Power ledger and IBM Food Trust Blockchain are already contributing to sustainability by cutting on management waste, curtailing fraud and encouraging responsible sourcing of materials. The research also identifies barriers to the implementation of blockchain technology in the circular economy in the region such as lack of clear regulatory framework, low level of technological adoption and lack of willingness to change. Nonetheless, the study highlights the possibilities that exist with blockchain to solve issues that hinder the shift towards a circular economy which is consistent with international standards on sustainability including responsible consumption

Résumé: The insurance industry is a fundamental pillar of any developed economy, playing a vital role in providing financial protection for individuals, companies, and society as a whole. In the context of the economic and social changes that Algeria has experienced in recent decades, the study of the reality of the insurance industry becomes highly significant. This study aims to analyze the state of the insurance industry in Algeria during the period from 1995 to 2022 by examining legislative and regulatory aspects, market structure, and technical and financial activity. The descriptive method was employed to analyze data issued by the Ministry of Finance and the National Insurance Council. The study reached several conclusions, including the notable growth and development in the volume of insurance production, despite its weak contribution to the gross domestic product. It also highlighted the dominance of the property insurance sector and public insurance companies, the weak activity in personal insurance, and the limited presence of mixed and foreign private insurance companies. Moreover, mandatory insurance products, especially automobile insurance, held the largest market share.

Résumé: Islamic Waqf (Endowment) focuses on investing in productive capital assets that generate benefits and revenues consumed in the future, whether collectively, such as benefits for mosques or schools, or individually, as distributions to the poor and needy. It is a process that combines both saving and investing. Within this context, this study aims to analyze the extent of the Waqf's contribution as an Islamic financial instrument to achieving local development in Algerian provinces through a case study of Annaba Province (eastern Algeria). To achieve the aforementioned objective, the researchers conducted a field study at the headquarters of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. Interviews were conducted with the head of Religious Guidance and Rites and Waqf and with the Director of Religious Guidance and Waqf Office at the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in Annaba Province. A descriptive approach was used to present the theoretical framework and previous studies, in addition to analyzing and discussing various statistics that serve the topic and obtained from the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Waqf in the province. The study concluded that there is limited contribution of the Waqf in achieving local development in Annaba Province due to several reasons, the most prominent being the weak income of Waqf, digitization, community awareness, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting frameworks governing them, not to mention the failure of Qard al-Hasan (interest free loan) program. Based on the aforementioned results, the study recommends the necessity of collecting and inventorying existing Waqf properties, searching for lost ones, registering them, and their legal settlement, along with good marketing for them.

Résumé: This research assesses the impact of participative leadership in tackling organisational silence within institutions, focusing on gathering insights from employees at Biskra's Public Health Institution. The research sample included 50 workers, and a descriptive methodology was used to elucidate and examine topics about the study subject. To accomplish this purpose, a questionnaire was used as the primary research instrument, supplemented by using SPSS.V22 for statistical data analysis. The study obtained several results, the most important of which is a moderate level of participative leadership, measured at an average of 3.272. Furthermore, it identified a heightened level of organisational silence among employees in the public health institutions of the local area under examination, with an average value of 3.533. In addition, participative leadership was instrumental in explaining 7.6% of the variations in organisational silence observed within the institutions studied.

Résumé: This study examines the prospects and obstacles of implementing digital marketing within Algeria's tourism industry. It employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a thorough literature analysis, to identify substantial prospects for utilizing digital marketing in the industry, such as the rising utilization of mobile devices and social media by tourists and the expansion of e-commerce in Algeria. The research identifies considerable obstacles, such as insufficient digital marketing expertise among tourism practitioners and inadequate internet connection and infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations for governments and stakeholders to address difficulties and leverage possibilities in digital marketing adoption.

Résumé: Despite the extensive economic literature on diaspora or migration and its negative impacts on origin economies, there is a growing trend among governments to explore mechanisms for leveraging this phenomenon to support economic development in the origin countries. This is particularly evident in efforts to encourage remittances and investment in financial instruments and products offered by institutions and governments of these countries. This study, within a descriptive and analytical framework, aims to examine the contribution of the diaspora in financing the economy, with a focus on the case of Nigeria, one of the African economies where the diaspora constitutes a significant percentage of the global migrant population. The study found that the diaspora plays a crucial role in financing the economy, whether through remittances or investments. However, there are several challenges and issues that need to be addressed to ensure the sustainability of diaspora financial flows to the origin countries

Résumé: This research paper aims to shed light on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in improving and developing aquaculture. AI and technological applications are among the most effective methods for mitigating the adverse effects of various risks, such as pollution and diseases, that may threaten aquaculture farms and investments. By enhancing the quality of aquatic products and improving the production process, AI not only supports the economy but also ensures the safety and quality of the food supply, thereby achieving food security. This is accomplished by providing AI equipment, tools, and protection for this type of investment. Various technological applications work to reduce production costs and encourage investment in aquaculture. However, there are challenges to implementing AI, including data collection, a lack of technical and financial support, and insufficient control over algorithms and selflearning techniques by farmers and investors, especially in developing countries.

Résumé: In 2023, startups in Algeria witnessed significant development, making them a promising sector for diversifying the Algerian economy and reducing dependence on hydrocarbons. This progress is due to various measures taken by the government, including the issuance of laws and regulations to support and accompany startups, the creation of electronic platforms for registering, protecting, and providing technical support to these enterprises, and the establishment of specific funding sources for startups. Within this framework, the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) has outlined a special program to contribute to this new direction by involving universities in supporting the creation of startups through Ministerial Decision No. 1275. This study aims to analyze and evaluate this new initiative adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education by examining several startup projects initiated by students as part of their graduation thesis discussions at the Faculty of Economic, Commercial, and Management Sciences (FSECSG) at Annaba University and the Higher School of Management Sciences (ESSG) in Annaba. The study concludes that this new vision adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education has several positive aspects that should be valued, including: supporting the linkage of Algerian universities with their socio-economic environment, supporting the local economy, and enhancing the level of Algerian universities. However, this new approach also has several weaknesses and negative points that need solutions, such as the lack of consideration in many startup projects for key aspects like SWOT analysis, legal aspects, and innovation. Additionally, the experience is generally new, resulting in a lack of an encouraging ecosystem for startups in Algeria.

Résumé: This research examines integrating talent management strategies—recruitment, development, and retention—with artificial intelligence in higher education institutions. The study aims to address how artificial intelligence can enhance talent management by recruiting technologically proficient staff, facilitating knowledge transfer, and automating routine tasks. Methodologically, the research draws on the descriptive-analytical method and qualitative data from case studies and expert interviews within university settings. Findings indicate that artificial intelligence significantly improves efficiency in human resources processes and promotes a shared vision between universities and stakeholders regarding the effective use of artificial intelligence for managing large datasets swiftly and accurately. The implications suggest that higher education institutions should invest in AI technologies and training to align with evolving educational needs and enhance institutional performance.

Résumé: This study aims to provide a comprehensive description, analysis, and evaluation of the tax system in Algeria. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the obstacles the tax system faces and propose potential solutions to address these issues. The descriptive analytical approach was employed to examine the present state of Algeria's domestic taxes to identify barriers and generate practical recommendations for their effective resolution. The study identified deficiencies in Algeria's tax system, encompassing inadequate income generation, restricted tax regulations, and an undue dependence on funding from the central government. This study proposes adopting a comprehensive set of reforms to tackle these challenges. These reforms encompass bolstering legal frameworks, augmenting tax revenues, enhancing the capabilities of local administrations, and prioritizing public awareness initiatives that are instrumental in fostering tax compliance. Additionally, it is imperative to provide support to the Central Government in its efforts to fortify tax collection at the local level. Ultimately, it is essential that all pertinent parties collectively adopt a comprehensive and effectively coordinated approach.

Résumé: Modernizing the social security sector in Algeria aims to improve the quality of services provided to citizens and simplify administrative procedures. Modern technologies such as digitization and electronic systems have been adopted to facilitate registration, compensation, and pension payments, reducing costs and time. These reforms include providing electronic portals for communication with citizens, enabling them to track their files and pay their contributions remotely. Unified databases have also been developed to improve coordination between various social security institutions, enhance transparency, and improve system efficiency. These efforts aim to ensure faster and easier access to services and achieve broader social coverage.

Résumé: This study explores talent management within Algerian institutions, focusing on international entities' challenges and experiences in nurturing gifted individuals. It examines the nature of talent management, particularly in organizations participating in the 16th Talent and Employment Fair in 2017. Despite operational challenges, multinational corporations showcased advanced techniques and programs. The findings emphasize the need for Algerian institutions to enhance planning, motivation, and performance evaluation to achieve effective human resource management. This research underscores practical implications, highlighting its relevance and impact on professional practices in the field of talent management.

Résumé: This article investigates how digital transformation affects Algeria's human resource strategy, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of connecting technology to people management. Algeria is modernizing its economy by incorporating digital technology into the public and private sectors, improving efficiency, lowering costs, and encouraging employee engagement. Infrastructure restrictions, a skills shortage, change resistance, and data privacy and security concerns remain. The study compares local case studies like Sonatrach and Algérie Télécom to multinationals like IBM and Shell to find the best ways to overcome these challenges. This emphasizes investing in digital skills, technical infrastructure, and creativity. Automation, predictive analytics, and flexible work arrangements can help organizations improve their HR strategies for long-term success. The conclusion offers practical advice for Algerian companies and organizations to digitalize human resources successfully. Digital HR is increasingly integrated into corporate strategy, impacting the future labor environment and Algeria's worldwide competitiveness.

Résumé: The present research addresses environmental complexities in supply chain management concerning Algeria’s logistics and construction industries. In fact, with the rise of global demand in sustainability, Algerian industries have fallen under pressing problems of high carbon emissions, overutilization of resources, and waste management. While this study has demarcated environmental impacts with a high degree of specificity, it has signified serious deficiencies in extant practices and regulatory regimes; however, it still calls for enhanced regulatory enforcement while prioritizing more innovative measures. Measures proposed to address these issues include the implementation of green logistics, circular economy principles, state-of-the-art technologies, and increased integration among stakeholder networks. The study proffers some actionable recommendations that would assist Algerian supply chains in reducing their ecological footprints while at the same time helping to ensure economic resilience and sustained competitiveness within an increasingly sustainability-focused market.

Résumé: The study investigates the impact of incentive systems on creativity in Algerian institutions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research reveals that while extrinsic incentives are often emphasized, intrinsic motivation is crucial in fostering creative output. The study's findings offer novel insights into the dynamics of creativity in Algerian organizations and contribute to the literature on incentive systems by demonstrating the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors in a culturally specific context.

Résumé: The steppe region in Algeria is characterised by its vast area, pasture plains, and lack of trees, which constitutes a suitable environment for practising livestock breeding activity. The Algerian state seeks, through development programs, to rehabilitate pastoral lands and develop the milk sector in the region. This research paper aims to analyse the impact of government support on the development of the milk division in Algeria in general and in the steppe region by following the descriptive analytical approach by analysing various data on herd size and fresh milk production in the study area. At the end of this work, we concluded that the results of these subsidies were average and below expectations and that the values of direct support provided by the Algerian state to the actors in the milk division within the framework of the program to develop fresh milk production have not changed since 2009, compared to the rise in feed prices in global markets, which caused the reluctance of farmers to invest in this sector.

Résumé: This paper explores Algeria's perspective on FinTech in international trade, emphasizing opportunities to enhance efficiency and challenges impeding adoption. FinTech can reduce transaction costs, improve transparency, and expand market access for Algerian firms. However, barriers such as regulatory uncertainty, weak infrastructure, and low digital literacy hinder progress. The study concludes that addressing these challenges through regulatory reforms, infrastructure development, and capacity-building is crucial. Such measures can enable Algeria to fully leverage FinTech, enhancing its competitiveness in global trade and fostering economic growth through expanded trade opportunities.

Résumé: This study examined and analysed the effects of credibility, quality, positivity and negativity, ease of dissemination, and interactivity on tourism consumers' purchasing decisions. A sample of 184 local Algerian visitors was surveyed via social media using an electronic questionnaire. Statistics were used with SPSS 20 to analyse the data and assess the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed that the E-WOM had a positive, varying effect on tourism consumers' purchasing decisions, with interactivity, credibility, quality, and positivity having similar effects, but the ease of dissemination had the greatest impact.

Résumé: This study delves into the subject of economic diversification and takeoff, aiming to highlight aspects of Algeria's economic development policies. Algeria, despite its earnest efforts in recent years, is still classified globally as a developing country in the economic domain. However, it has made notable strides in recent years in altering its economic structure through reforms, a shift towards a market economy, and a greater focus on economic diversification beyond the hydrocarbon sector. This is significant in the context of Arab and international economic integration.

Résumé: This research aims to impact social response's impact on customer satisfaction and trust in the service company Mobilis. To assess this effect, we conducted a field study involving the distribution of questionnaires to a sample of 60 Mobilis customers in the Wilaya of Saïda. The data was analysed using the SPSS v26 program, employing the legal correlation measurement method. Our findings reveal a direct positive impact of social responsibility dimensions on customer satisfaction and trust in the service company Mobilis

Résumé: This study investigates the dynamic interplay between the green economy, sustainable development, and the circular economy. It underscores increasing urgency of environmental issues and the need for effective strategies. The circular economy is crucial for achieving a green economy and sustainable development, primarily focusing on waste reduction through reuse, repair, and recycling. This study takes a global perspective, aiming to minimize waste and pollution by designing products for longevity and renewability. It also examines how various countries, including Algeria, adopt circular economy principles to tackle environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices.

Résumé: This study investigates the perceived effectiveness of the green marketing mix among Algerian consumers. It examines its impact on consumer behavior and environmental attitudes, mainly through purchasing decisions related to eco-friendly products. The sample comprises active consumers of green products. A descriptive-analytical method was employed, and a questionnaire was used to gauge respondents' attitudes towards the study variables. Data from 120 respondents were analyzed using SPSS to test the research hypothesis. The findings reveal that the green marketing mix elements are highly perceived, with the green product ranking highest, followed by promotion, distribution, and pricing. Algerian consumer behavior towards environmental sustainability and green products is also notably strong. The green marketing mix elements showed a statistically significant correlation with consumer environmental behavior at a significance level of 0.05. These findings provide insights that can guide businesses' marketing strategies and help them cater to the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly products.

Résumé: The study aims to elucidate the challenges and ramifications of financial technology and cryptocurrencies on financial stability by identifying the advantages and threats associated with implementing financial technology and using cryptocurrencies on financial stability. The study concludes that financial stability faces significant threats, primarily linked to cybersecurity and privacy concerns. Financial technology enables the reduction of risks and costs and the development of specialized financial tools for risk management, thus enhancing financial stability. Cryptocurrencies are utilized in speculative operations and are considered a source of financial instability due to their economic significance in transferring collapse risks to stock markets. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a regulatory environment for financial technology

Résumé: This paper does an econometric analysis to investigate the relationship between changes in exchange rates and Algerian economic growth from 1990 to 2022. This paper examines previous data to determine how exchange rate swings affect Algeria's economy, emphasizing its export dependency. The research examined immediate and long-term exchange rate- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) connections using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The model's stability and optimal time delay are assessed in the early tests. The ARDL limits testing method confirms a cointegrating connection, demonstrating a stable long-term balance between variables. An initial study shows that the exchange rate negatively impacts economic development, exposing the difficulties of imported inflation and currency instability. The study reveals no significant effects, proposing separating nominal and real aspects over more extended periods. These results help policymakers understand how exchange rate policies affect economic growth.

Résumé: This study seeks to examine the correlation between agricultural investment expenditure and per capita agrarian output in Algeria from 2000 to 2022. It will utilize the ARDL model and consider per capita agrarian output as an indicator of food security (measured by GDP-AGR) and Agricultural Public Investment (INV-AGRO) as another indicator. The research determined that there is no immediate correlation. The analysis demonstrated a significant and enduring correlation between per capita agricultural production and agricultural public investment. This association may be attributed to the lasting impact of agricultural policy. The research also found that there is a positive correlation between agricultural public investment and per capita share. Specifically, for every one-unit increase in agricultural public investment, there is a 0.98-unit increase in per capita share. This confirms the significant role of the agriculture sector in promoting economic development.

Résumé: The present research addresses environmental complexities in supply chain management concerning Algeria’s logistics and construction industries. In fact, with the rise of global demand in sustainability, Algerian industries have fallen under pressing problems of high carbon emissions, overutilization of resources, and waste management. While this study has demarcated environmental impacts with a high degree of specificity, it has signified serious deficiencies in extant practices and regulatory regimes; however, it still calls for enhanced regulatory enforcement while prioritizing more innovative measures. Measures proposed to address these issues include the implementation of green logistics, circular economy principles, state-of-the-art technologies, and increased integration among stakeholder networks. The study proffers some actionable recommendations that would assist Algerian supply chains in reducing their ecological footprints while at the same time helping to ensure economic resilience and sustained competitiveness within an increasingly sustainability-focused market.

Résumé: This paper examines the evolution of startups in Algeria, including the obstacles and possibilities that influence the nation's entrepreneurial environment. Startups are significant catalysts for economic expansion, innovation, and job creation. Notwithstanding this considerable potential, entrepreneurs in Algeria have several problems, such as restricted access to financing, regulatory obstacles, a deficiency of skills, and inadequate infrastructure. The findings indicate that despite ongoing problems, substantial prospects for development exist, primarily through augmented government backing, the proliferation of digital technologies, and improved collaboration between startups and established companies. The report closes by recommending strategic measures to address current obstacles and provide a more favorable environment for startup growth in Algeria.

Résumé: This chapter explores Green Human Resources Management (Green HRM) as a key driver of sustainability in emerging economies facing environmental and social challenges from rapid industrial growth. It outlines how Green HRM fosters eco-friendly practices through HR functions, influencing employee behavior and enhancing engagement by aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The chapter also addresses implementation challenges and offers strategies for overcoming them, including awareness-raising and tailored training programs. Through case studies demonstrating successful Green HRM initiatives, it highlights the benefits for organizational sustainability and operational efficiency, calling for further research and collaboration among stakeholders to build a sustainable future.

Résumé: This book chapter explores how AI can address long-standing limitations in human resource training and development. It demonstrates AI's potential to enhance training through personalization, adaptive learning, progress tracking, and interactive tools, fostering organizational excellence and adaptability. The research examines how AI can support human resource development by analyzing user data, creating personalized content, and optimizing educational pathways. Platforms like Coursera and LinkedIn Learning use AI for course recommendations, while systems like Dream Box adjust content difficulty in real time. AI-powered chatbots and virtual trainers offer timely support, and predictive analytics anticipate future skill needs. Gamification further engages learners with interactive experiences. Overall, AI makes training more personalized and effective, aligning educational outcomes with individual and organizational goals, and recommends ongoing evaluation and refinement of AI-driven training