Résumé: The present research was concerned with the evaluation of the genetic potential of 20 durum wheat varieties in Algeria by certain biochemical and technological aspects. The aim of this study is therefore to identify and select wheat varieties which are potentially productive in agriculture and which are also characterised by good adaptation, yield stability and production of cereals of good technological and nutritional quality. The different varieties studied indicate the presence of a great variability due to the agro-climatic conditions of the environment; Nevertheless not all genotypes react in the same way some of them are particularly advantaged or on the contrary disadvantaged by certain cultural conditions. The results obtained show the presence of inter-genotype variability for all parameters of technological quality. The protein content at 11% humidity varies from 18.4% in TP/GD/SW which is however a cross, up to 20.1% in the two local varieties Bidi 17 and Hedba 03, Although the germplasm used is quite diversified, between local varieties, improved and introduced, significant variability in protein levels has been recorded within the genotypes studied. In fact, protein content is a low heritability trait and strongly influenced by environmental conditions and cropping practices.Our data for local varieties showed excellent results that have emerged for protein content with little mitadinage in grains, high grain weight and appreciable yields (Exemple : Gemghoum R'ekham and Hedba 3) The introduced varieties show very appreciable results for yield, specific weight With very low speckle and mitadinage levels and average protein levels.( Example: Montepellier variety and Capetit variety 8). Good yields and high grain weights characterising the Simeto, Vitron and Cirta varieties as well as the Daki variety which is well expressed and shows a good yield . we also know that the best qualities are found in local varieties.

Résumé: Tropaeolum majus is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Tropaeolaceae family. It is native to the Andesmountain ranges, where it is considered as an important herb in their traditional medicine. However, this plant hasknown, over time, a wide distribution all over the world, including north Africa. Indeed, Tropaeolum majus hasshown in recent years a noteworthy flowering in northeast Algeria, where reigns a Mediterranean climate. The aim ofthis comparative study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the phytochemical composition and antimicrobialactivity of Tropaeolum majus that grows under the Mediterranean climatic conditions of Annaba city in northeastAlgeria. Thus, a phytochemical screening of 20 metabolites families was performed on free-air dried and pulverizedleaves, flowers, and fruits of this plant using standard qualitative analysis methods based on colour / precipitationreactions. Afterwards, methanolic leaves and flowers extracts, and fruits fixed oil were prepared and served for thefunctional groups analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (4000-400 cm-1), as well as theantimicrobial screening using the disc-diffusion method. Apart from narcotics and free anthracene derivatives; thatare absent in the three organs, the phytochemical screening revealed the presence, in Tropaeolum majus, of the soughtmetabolites, mainly phenolic compounds, coumarins, sterols, triterpens, iridoids, and alkaloids. However, the natureand predominance of these metabolites differ between organs, with a unique presence of saponosides in fruits, andthat of free quinones in flowers. Likewise, FTIR analysis revealed absence of infrared radiation absorption in theregion between 2260-2220 cm-1, which indicated absence of toxic cyanide groups; but showed distinct peak values,with a specific infrared radiation absorption in the region located between "1700-700 cm-1", revealing the presence ofvarious functional groups in the three extracts, including aromatic, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds. Tropaeolummajus extracts were found to exert a good antimicrobial activity against tested Gram(+) and Gram(-) germs, especiallyagainst a troublesome food poisoning germ: Bacilluscereus, and the antibiotic-resistant genera: Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella. These findings show that Annaba City Mediterraneanclimate factors improved Tropaeolum majus leaves, flowers, and to a second degree fruits nutritional and medicinalqualities enhancing their phytochemical composition as well as antimicrobial properties. Hence, this study suggeststhat this plant could be a potential source for different nutraceutical products that can be used as food additives ordietary supplements. Keywords : Antimicrobial activity, Tropaeolum majus L., Phytochemical screening, Mediterranean climate, FTIR

Résumé: This paper reports an evaluation of Annaba city climate impact on phytochemical composition and antiradical power of Tropaeolum majus leaf, flower and fruit extracts. Significant phenolic, flavonoid, tannin and carotenoid levels were registered in leaf extract, whereas flower extract showed higher yield, vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. The 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging power was significantly higher in leaf extract. Conversely, hydroxyl antiradical power was significantly higher in fruit fixed oil. These results show that the Mediterranean climate of Annaba City improved Tropaeolum majus leaves and the nutritional qualities of flowers and fruits, enhancing their phytochemical composition as well as antiradical properties.

Résumé: In this work, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare. L. obtained by hydrodistylation was warried out and it allowed to identify 98.1% of its constituents. The main components are carvacrol (47.6%), thymol (16.6%), p-cymene (13.5%) andγ-terpinene (11.2%). The chemical components of the essence are distributed over five biochemical classes represented mainly by monoterpene phenols and monoterpene carbides. The extraction gave a yield of oil 2.8%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this oil was determined against food spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus tested in vitro. This study aims to enhance the value of oregano essential oil by determining its chemical composition on the one hand, and by its application as a natural antibacterial preservative in substitution of synthetic chemical additives on the other hand. The sample was incorporated into a sensitive food matrix exposed to bacterial contamination: white meat. The bacteriostatic/bactericidal power of this bioactive extract was determined by a significant reduction in the number of bacteria and a clear increase in shelf life. Thus, it is possible to propose the use of this aromatic essence as a source of natural preservative.

Résumé: The objectives assigned to the present study are the phytochemical screening of several secondary metabolites and the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Atriplex halimus L. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of substances with high therapeutic values (flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, coumarin, etc.). The antibacterial activity of the extracts is carried out by the diffusion method on agar medium vis-à-vis sixteen bacterial strains, chosen according to the traditional use of this species in Algeria: Staphylococcus MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus ATCC 00, Streptococcus Sp, Enterococci Sp, Enterococci feacalis ATCC 12, Salmonella, E. coli ESBL +, Klebsiella pn Marseille, KpC+, Kp ETP R / IMP R, Serratia Sp, Serratia environmental, Pseudomonas aerogenosa ATCC 53, Pseudomonas VIM 2, Bacillus. The study shows a remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram+ bacteria compared to Gram- bacteria.

Résumé: The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. harvested in the region of Skikda (North-East-Algeria) gave an excellent oil yield (2.8%). Its analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) identified 98.10% of its constituents. The major components are: carvacrol (47.6%), thymol (16.6%), p-cymene (13.5%) and γ-terpinene (11.2%). The aim of this study was to the preservative effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil applied to a very low concentration of 0.025% (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)), of a sensitive food of Original Research Article Heni et al.; JPRI, 32(32): 1-9, 2020; Article no.JPRI.63389 2 essential nutritional value, of great consumption and easily perishable "minced meat", stored at different times, namely: T 0 = 0 min, T 1 = 40 min, T 2 = 24 h, and T 3 = 48 h. By studying its microbiological quality by determining the rate of reduction of the total aerobic mesophilic microflora and of Staphylococcus aureus. The addition of Origanum vulgare essential oil to minced meat allowed a highly significant reduction of 0.01

Résumé: Atriplex halimus L. Known as “Guettaf” (Amaranthaceae) is used in traditional medicine in Algeria to treat several diseases among them rheumatism and fever. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the Atriplex halimus L., growing under the climatic conditions of Biskra (north-east of Algeria). Atriplex halimus L., stem, leaf and root were harvested during the month of January (2019). Microscopic observation of the different organs revealed that the anatomy of this plant contains many more characters of xerophytism as the presence of thick cuticle, trichomes, perivascular sheath and much more hydrophilic cellulosic tissues (parenchyma and collenchymas) than hydrophobic lignified tissues, We can deduce that Atriplex halimus L., requires a high humidity which explains the great growth of this species under the climatic conditions of the region of Biskra. Keywords: Atriplex halimus L., Anatomy, Region of Biskra

Résumé: The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial efficiency of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from leaves of Origanum vulgare against ten (10) clinical strains of Escherichia coli and a reference strain E. coli ATCC provided by the laboratory of microbiology, faculty of medicine, University of Badji Mokhtar (Annaba, Algeria). The chemical composition of the essential oil was characterized by gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by radical scavenging ability (DPPH method). The antibacterial activity was detected by using disc-diffusion method and the agar dilution method which used for microbial growth inhibition at various concentrations of oil (calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration). The yield of essential oil of O.vulgare was 1.15 % and the major compounds were thymol (32.58 %), γ-terpinen (18.76 %), durenol (17.92 %) and durene (11.40 %). The essential oil showed an antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.28±0.07 mg/ml) which was lower than the standard antioxidants (ascorbic acid and BHT). It showed a very effective bactericidal activity towards all tested bacterial strains with maximal inhibition zones in the range of 21.3-32.6 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.314 to 0.628 mg/ ml.

Résumé: In Algeria, the agricultural area is mainly located in regions with an arid or semi-arid climate, conductive to soil’s salinization. Salinity is a limiting factor for germination and plant growth. The rhizosphere of halophytes is a source of salt-tolerant bacteria with potential growth promoting activities (PGP). This study aims to assess the ability of P. okeanokoites-isolated from sebkha Ezzemoul-to stimulate the germination characteristics of durum wheat under salt stress. In this study, we have shown that the strain Planococcus okeanokoites- indigenous to highly saline soil of Ezzemoul (Ain M’lila)- is capable to protect wheat seedlings against salt stress. It would be interesting to know its effect on later development stages.

Résumé: In Algeria, the agricultural area is mainly located in regions with an arid or semi-arid climate, conductive to soil’s salinization. Salinity is a limiting factor for germination and plant growth. The rhizosphere of halophytes is a source of salt-tolerant bacteria with potential growth promoting activities (PGP). This study aims to assess the ability of P. okeanokoites-isolated from sebkha Ezzemoul-to stimulate the germination characteristics of durum wheat under salt stress.In this study, we have shown that the strain Planococcus okeanokoites-indigenous to highly saline soil of Ezzemoul (Ain M’lila)- is capable to protect wheat seedlings against salt stress. It would be interesting to know its effect on later development stages.