Résumé: Objective: von Frey Filament (vFF) is an aesthesiometer to measure paw withdrawal thresholds. Our aim was to validate the manually von Frey test technique for assessing neuropathic pain behavioral signs in a sciatic nerve ligation model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, peripheral neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve chronic ligation (SN-CL) was induced. Filaments used against posterior pad mid-plantar region using a simplified up-down method (SUDO). In addition to baseline withdrawal thresholds, the behavioral test was repeated after surgery thrice more with an interval of ten days. vFF (2 to 26 g) were used in ascending order for hyperalgesia assessment. Results: In SN-CL rats, the results validate a loss of pain sensation, resulted in, long-lasting ipsilateral allodynia with the development of contralateral allodynia later and an extraterritorial development of neuropathic signs. Variability for the development of ipsilateral and contralateral allodynia over time was noted in sham (SH) control rats. SN-CL group showed a contralateral hyperalgesia development just at the 16th-day after surgery with an absence of ipsilateral hyperalgesia development at the different days of paw withdrawal thresholds measurements. Conclusion: Manually vFF test technique was successfully used for assessing neuropathic pain behavioral signs in sciatic a nerve ligation model with the absence of ipsilateral hyperalgesia development.

Résumé: Abstract: Background. Accumulating evidence illustrates that peripheral nerve injuries ac-tivate glial components of the peripheral and central cellular circuitry which contributes to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Epidemiological surveys suggest that for women the prevalence of pain increases with age with more frequent pain than men. Recently, several studies have found that pain generation, transmission and modulation are under hormonal regulation. To this end, 17beta estradiol was used to investigate the modulatory actions on nociceptive thresholds in neuroinflammation driven neuropathic pain conditions. Methods. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Ovariectomised neuropathic untreated and neuropathic 17 beta estradiol treated groups. sham operated and intact control groups. Results. In treated rats, the results validate an anti-inflammatory action of 17 beta estradiol against chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain by attenuat-ing complement C3 fractions and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibodies (ANCAs) intensity plasma level, an anti-nociceptive action by attenuating ipsilateral, con-trolateral allodynia and hyperalgesia developed in treated animals after chronic con-striction injury and at the last day of treatment by increasing the tail flick latency at the last day of treatment. Conclusions. We conclude that 17beta estradiol might exhibit beneficial effects on peripheral nerve injury consequences.

Résumé: The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of phenolic extract of the red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius in female Wistar rats. Anxiety was induced by sciatic nerve ligation. A daily intra-peritoneal injections of 25mg algae extract kg−1 bodyweight of rat were administered for two weeks, at the same time. Open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming (FS) tests were performed to evaluate locomotor activity, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the extract. After behavioral tasks, spleen and adrenal glands were removed for histopathological studies. The results showed that the sciatic nerve ligation caused a depression-like behavior in female rats, as indicated by the significant increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test in contrast with the algae extract which demonstrated an antidepressant-like activity. The results obtained in the open field and in the elevated plus maze assays showed a preserved spontaneous locomotion and an anxiolytic-like activity. The treated group with algae extract showed normal structure in histological pictures.

Résumé: Several lines of research on human and rodent subjects have demonstrated that stress results in multiple negative outcomes, including increased incidence of psychopathologies. Restraint stress in rats is known to adversely affect the physiological, psychological and reproductive axis in rats. Male rats were subjected to restraint stress for 3 hours consecutively for 14 days. The behavioral studies include Elevated Place Maze, Open Field and Morris Water Maze tests. Our results show that chronic restraint stress involved a development of anxiety in EPM, reduced motor activity in OF, impaired memory spatial in MWM tests, and induced change in testicular function, as reflected by significant decrease in plasma level of testosterone, correlate well with the damages in testis. The Results of the present study confirm that chronic restraint stress induced cognitive dysfunction, enhance anxiety like behavior and induced testicular damage in male rats Wistar.

Résumé: Abstract: The aim of the present study is to examine behavioral and hormonal changes in chronic mild stress (CMS) depression model in male Wistar rate and evaluate the possible effects of Polyphenon E (PolyE) therapy. CMS (for 40 days) was applied; Poly E (5g/"L" or 10g/"L") was administered during CMS. To evaluate behavioral changes, forced swimming test (depression) and plus maze test (anxiety) parameters was calculated. The sucrose intake test and food intake was also evaluated. At the end of the experiment plasma testosterone and relative organs weight (brain, adrenal and testes) were assessed. The CMS decreases testosterone levels, increases relative adrenal weight and generated in animals depressogenic-like, anxiogenic-like behavior and the loss of succrose and food intake. Contrary, the administration of Poly E1 (5g/"L") to CMS group seems to reverses adrenal weight and testosterone levels and causes antidepressive-like and anxiolytic-like behavior. Polyphenon E could improve negative changes caused by CMS.

Résumé: The aim of the present study is to examine behavioral and hormonal changes in chronic mild stress (CMS) depression model in male Wistar rate and evaluate the possible effects of Polyphenon E (PolyE) therapy. CMS (for 40 days) was applied; Poly E (5g/"L" or 10g/"L") was administered during CMS. To evaluate behavioral changes, forced swimming test (depression) and plus maze test (anxiety) parameters was calculated. The sucrose intake test and food intake was also evaluated. At the end of the experiment plasma testosterone and relative organs weight (brain, adrenal and testes) were assessed. The CMS decreases testosterone levels, increases relative adrenal weight and generated in animals depressogenic-like, anxiogenic-like behavior and the loss of succrose and food intake. Contrary, the administration of Poly E1 (5g/"L") to CMS group seems to reverses adrenal weight and testosterone levels and causes antidepressive-like and anxiolytic-like behavior. Polyphenon E could improve negative changes caused by CMS.

Résumé: Abstract: Study of gender differences in the prevalence of depression (Persolt swimming test) in sciatic nerve injury model Wistar rats.A sciatic nerve ligation is performed surgically in two groups of 08 male rats and 08 female rats. The same number in males and females is considered as a control. The investigations concerning the degree of depression are obtained through the Forced Swimming Test Porsolt (FST), Plus maze test and sucrose intake. At the same time, a comparative study between the two sexes.Results: A significant increase in the level of depression is obtained resulting in male rats that had undergone ligation of the sciatic nerve. Regarding the comparison between males and females rats, some level of depression is recorded in female, while among their female depression levels are very low. This was explained by hormonal differences between the sexes. Conclusion: The sciatic nerve ligation causes depression in the rat. In the FST also we found significant differences between male and female rats to depression, suggesting the key role of sex steroids.

Résumé: Abstract: Major depression disorders are commonly seen in many medical diseases that share chronic inflammatory pain as a common denominator. Pains whether inflammatory or neuropathic, those caused by damage to the central or peripheral nervous system are the most difficult to treat due to their resistance to conventional analgesic treatments.In our study, we chose a model of neuropathic pain (sciatic nerve ligation) associated with intradermal injection of 0.02 ml of Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (AIF) in order to achieve an activation of the innate immune system in male Wistar rats subsequently being tested of forced swimming (FST). Our study was completed by an endocrinological study highlighting the importance of sex steroids on the fluctuations of depression by hormonal assays (testosterone and estradiol).Our results showed that the ligation causes a highly significant increase in the depression 10 days postoperative. This is revealed by increased immobility time in the FST. This depression reported among ligated tends to be mitigated over time there has been a significant decrease in twenty days following ligation. Treatment with AIF is in 2 phases: 1 where we see a depressive-like behavior due to the activation of the immune system that causes inflammation st and a 2 phase where there is a less depression antidepressant-like and the inflammation disappears after nd 20 days. This is also associated with hormonal changes or there is a significant increase in the level of testosterone in subjects ligated and treated (AIF) and a significant decrease of estradiol.These results then takes us to highlight the existence of neuro-immune-endocrine link that acts to benefit the body and restore homeostasis. In case of disruption these systems associated will cause depressive disorders also a major depression.

Résumé: Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health problem, it can cause many complications affecting several organs and functions. The present study was initiated to examine the effect of melatonin on neuropsychological deficits and metabolic disorders which generated by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. After confirming the installation of diabetes (48 h), diabetic rats were subjected to a treatment with a dose of melatonin at a rate of (0.5 mg / kg), ip, for 2 weeks and the three groups of experiment underwent the open field test (OFT) and the forced swimming test (FST) model were performed for the evaluation of ambulatory activity and depressive behavior. The last day of the study, blood samples were taken to assess plasma insulin levels and lipid profile in experimental groups. The results show a significant increase in locomotory activity in diabetic rats treated with melatonin, while the latter reduces the immobility time in diabetic group in the FST. Moreover these central effects, melatonin improves lipid profile by reducing serum triglycerides, blood cholesterol levels and raising the HDL cholesterol in periphery. The results of this study suggest that melatonin exerts an antidepressant and antihyperlipidemic effects in diabetes and its complications. Therefore the melatonin could be an alternative treatment for depression to the type 1 diabetic patients.

Résumé: Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and mood disorders (depression, anxiety) and to determine the class at high risk (to developing depression and/or anxiety) depending on age (begin smoking at adulthood (Adt: [23-32] years), childhood (Ch: [5-11] years) or adolescent(Ads: [12-17] years)). Place and Duration of Study: This study is conducted by Universities of Mentouri Constantine and Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria. Between October 2011 to April 2012. Methodology: A demographic questionnaire collected data about patient’s characteristics and medical status, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Fagerstrom Test. All subjects underwent a thorough medical evaluation and laboratory exam (WBC count, CRP, ESR, Hct). Our study included 96 smokers male divided into several groups according to the desired statistical analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis by using regression analysis, showed that 85 % of the variability of depression is explained by duration of cigarette smoking (years), the age of smoking initiation (years) and degree of dependence (Fagertstrom). (R (coefficient de corrélation): 0,921; R² (coefficient de détermination): 0,848; DF: 6, F: 82.767, Pr > F: < 0,0001). Therefore, we can conclude with confidence that the three variables do bring a significant amount of information. The correlation is less for anxiety setting (R (coefficient of correlation): 0,759; R² (coefficient of determination): 0,576; DF: 6, F: 20,120, Pr > F: < 0,0001). The relation between depression and inflammatory parameters (CRP, ESR and Htc) was examined using the chi-square test for independence (Χ2-test). This test indicated that depression is clearly related to these inflammatory variables. Furthermore, the ANOVA test indicated that the hematological parameters vary depending the age of smoking initiation. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between the level of smoking addiction and the emergence of depressive disorders. We suggest an elevated risk of mood disorders in subjects, having a very strong smoking addiction, who began smoking in adulthood and late adolescence versus childhood.

Résumé: Abstract Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and mood disorders (depression, anxiety) and to determine the class at high risk (to developing depression and/or anxiety) depending on age (begin smoking at adulthood (Adt: [23-32] years), childhood (Ch: [5-11] years) or adolescent(Ads: [12-17] years)). Place and Duration of Study: This study is conducted by Universities of Mentouri Constantine and Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria. Between October 2011 to April 2012. Methodology: A demographic questionnaire collected data about patient’s characteristics and medical status, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Fagerstrom Test. All subjects underwent a thorough medical evaluation and laboratory exam (WBC count, CRP, ESR, Hct). Our study included 96 smokers male divided into several groups according to the desired statistical analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis by using regression analysis, showed that 85 % of the variability of depression is explained by duration of cigarette smoking (years), the age of smoking initiation (years) and degree of dependence (Fagertstrom). (R (coefficient de corrélation): 0,921; R² (coefficient de détermination): 0,848; DF: 6, F: 82.767, Pr > F: < 0,0001). Therefore, we can conclude with confidence that the three variables do bring a significant amount of information. The correlation is less for anxiety setting (R (coefficient of correlation): 0,759; R² (coefficient of determination): 0,576; DF: 6, F: 20,120, Pr > F: < 0,0001). The relation between depression and inflammatory parameters (CRP, ESR and Htc) was examined using the chi-square test for independence (Χ2-test). This test indicated that depression is clearly related to these inflammatory variables. Furthermore, the ANOVA test indicated that the hematological parameters vary depending the age of smoking initiation. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between the level of smoking addiction and the emergence of depressive disorders. We suggest an elevated risk of mood disorders in subjects, having a very strong smoking addiction, who began smoking in adulthood and late adolescence versus childhood.

Résumé: Abstract Background: The objective of this work was a comparative study of two animal models in female mice: Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) and Chronic Mild Stress combined with chronic inflammation with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CMS+CFA). Methods: Mice were exposed to CMS for 40 days as food deprivation, water deprivation, forced swimming, flashing light, isolation, wet bedding and wet litter at 4°C. The stress was applied at times that change every day, in order to minimize its predictability. A subcutaneous injection of 0.03 mg/ml of CFA was administered to CMS groups the 18th day of experimentation. Recordings of sequences of behavior in elevated plus maze, open field test and water maze test was made. After decapitation, the brain, thymus, spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenals and ovaries were weighed and we calculated their relative weights. Results: Exposure of mice to CMS caused a depraessive-like behavior revealed by behavioral tests, accompanied by a decreased gain of body weight, locomotor activity and impaired spatial memory signaled by the Morris water maze test. The injection of CFA in mice submitted to a CMS has provided a partial repair of the memory in the Morris water maze, locomotor activity, gain of body weight, weight of adrenals. Conclusion: Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) could reverse the depressive-like symptoms induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) in mice

Résumé: Résumé: ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and depression/ anxiety, and specially the direction of this relation-ship, in order to analyze the link between the degree of dependence to nicotine, and the anxio-depressive levels, according to HADS test and the Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence. Our study included 647 smokers and 400 non-smoking male. To facilitate this study, we distributed questionnaires to several pri-vate GP surgeries, to be completed by patients. In this study, we found that there is a close relationship be-tween the level of nicotine addiction, anxiety levels and the emergence of depressive disorders. A highly depressive state implies a very strong addiction to tobacco; a high percentage of subjects showed little or no tobacco dependence. When anxiety appears (even when non-significant) dependence increases from medium to high, and very high, whereas in the ab-sence of depression, 80% to 90% of patients show no tobacco addiction. The addiction to tobacco increases at the beginning of depression and reach her maxi-mum in depressed patients. Thus, the anxiolytic effect of nicotine becomes an anxiogenic effect in anxious subjects, when subjects move from non-dependence to medium and very strong addiction.

Résumé: Abstract Background: The endocrinal and physiological consequences, following the sub chronic administration of toluene (Tol), were examined in pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: A quarter of lethal dose concentration (LD50) of toluene was injected daily in IP to pregnant rats between the 4th and the 14th day of pregnancy. Virgin female rats were also used as a basis of comparison and obey to the same experimental protocol. Blood samples and recordings of sequences of behavior in elevated plus maze was made in 7th, 14th and 21st day of pregnancy. The measurement of the serum levels of progesterone were carried out at the 7th day of gestation (3rd day of treatment), the 14th day (last day of treatment) and one week after delivery (14th day after discontinuation of therapy). After delivery, which occurs at the 21st day, we tested the effectiveness of a GABAergique agonist, the clonazepam, during the forced swimming test. Results: Our results showed that the application of toluene neurotoxic stress during 10 days caused endocrine (plasma progesterone) and behavior (anxiety) disruption that appear to be irreversible in virgin female rats treated with toluene. For cons, the same treatment associated with pregnancy revealed a healing effect 14 days after stopping treatment. Inefficiency of both clonazepam and toluene treatment in virgin female rats was observed. This treatment was effective in pregnant rats treated only with toluene. Conclusion: Pregnancy appears to play a moderating effect on harmfulness and neurotoxicity of toluene, by protecting GABAergic route. Progesterone, as a neuroactif steroid, plays an important role in this protection.

Résumé: Abstract Background: The endocrinal and physiological consequences, following the sub chronic administration of toluene (Tol), were examined in pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: A quarter of lethal dose concentration (LD50) of toluene was injected daily in IP to pregnant rats between the 4th and the 14th day of pregnancy. Virgin female rats were also used as a basis of comparison and obey to the same experimental protocol. Blood samples and recordings of sequences of behavior in elevated plus maze was made in 7th, 14th and 21st day of pregnancy. The measurement of the serum levels of progesterone were carried out at the 7th day of gestation (3rd day of treatment), the 14th day (last day of treatment) and one week after delivery (14th day after discontinuation of therapy). After delivery, which occurs at the 21st day, we tested the effectiveness of a GABAergique agonist, the clonazepam, during the forced swimming test. Results: Our results showed that the application of toluene neurotoxic stress during 10 days caused endocrine (plasma progesterone) and behavior (anxiety) disruption that appear to be irreversible in virgin female rats treated with toluene. For cons, the same treatment associated with pregnancy revealed a healing effect 14 days after stopping treatment. Inefficiency of both clonazepam and toluene treatment in virgin female rats was observed. This treatment was effective in pregnant rats treated only with toluene. Conclusion: Pregnancy appears to play a moderating effect on harmfulness and neurotoxicity of toluene, by protecting GABAergic route. Progesterone, as a neuroactif steroid, plays an important role in this protection.

Résumé: Abstract: Disturbances in the activity of the corticotropic axis and immune system have been widely reported to be linked to the development of depression. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative that inhibits gonadal and adrenal steroidogenesis, on changes in the total leukocyte count and the percentages of leukocyte subpopulations during the Porsolt forced swimming test (commonly used to measure the efficiency of antidepressants) in rats. Catheters were implanted in the carotid under general anesthesia, and blood samples (0.2 mL)were taken at 15 min intervals. Animals were allowed to move freely throughout the experiments. The levels of anxiety and locomotor activity were measured using the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Forced swimming induced changes in both the testosteronemia and the immune system, and these changes were inhibited by treatment with ketoconazole. An improvement (anxiolytic and antidepressant effects) in the behavioral response (elevated plus maze, forced swim) was also observed. These results suggest that the relationship between behavioral and physiological responses is multifactorial and that corticosterone plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.

Résumé: Abstract This article is to give an outline on some scientific experiments on the effects of the posttraumatic stress disorder (psychic factors) on the variations neuroendocriniennes (adrenal and prolactinic). The prolactin and cortisol responses to dexamethasone (0.5 mg) were studied in masculin subject posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 10), normal controls (n = 18) and non PTSD subjects (n = 10), in order to better determine these interactions. Both the two groups of subjects which lived events of everyday life extremely stressing (PTSD and not PTSD) showed an enhanced cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone than the normal subjects. In contrast, only the PTSD showed an hypersuppression of cortisol to the dexamethasone. These findings suggest that the prolactin response to dexamethasone in the non PTSD subjects can reflect a predictive indicator of occurred of the PTSD.

Résumé: L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer les effets du traitement subchronique des rats mâles Wistar par une forte dose de KTCZ sur les systèmes immunitaires et gonadotropes (testicules). Le KTCN (25mg/kg) a été administré par voie orale à des rats Wistar mâles pendant 14 jours. Le kétoconazole a entraîné un changement dans le poids (augmentation du poids relatif du thymus, des glandes surrénales et du cerveau et une diminution du poids des testicules), des dommages au niveau des tissus testiculaires et enfin une diminution de la testostéronémie accompagnée d’une immunodépression (diminution des lymphocytes et augmentation des neutrophiles). Ces modifications du poids corporel et des tissus pourraient avoir plusieurs origines avec les glucocorticoïdes comme chef d’orchestre.

Résumé: Abstract Résumé Les conséquences neuro-comportementales et physiologiques, suite à l’administration sub chronique du toluène (Tol), ont été examinées chez le rat Wistar femelle gestante. Un quart de la concentration de la DL50 du Tol a été injecté en IP chez les rattes gestante, du 4ème au 14ème jour de la gestation. Les prélèvements de sang et la mesure des taux sériques de progestérone et de LH (hormone lutéinisante) ont été réalisées au 7ème jour de gestation (3ème jour du traitement), au 14ème jour (dernier jour du traitement) et après la mise bas (10ème jour après l'arrêt du traitement). Après la mise bas qui coïncide avec le 21ème jour, nous avons testé l’efficacité d’un agoniste GABAergique, le Clonazepam au cours de la nage forcée (modélisation animal de la dépression). Après décapitation, le cerveau, les surrénales et les ovaires ont été pesés et nous avons calculé les poids relatifs de ces organes. Nos résultats montrent que l'application d'un stress chronique sous toluène a entraîné des perturbations du système endocrinien (taux plasmatiques de LH et de progestérone) et pondérale (poids relatif du cerveau, ovaires et surrénales) qui semblent être irréversibles chez les rattes non gestantes traitées au Tol. Par contre, le même traitement associé à la gestation révèle un effet de rétablissement dix jours après l'arrêt du traitement. L'inefficacité du traitement au Clonazépam enregistrée chez les animaux Tol s'avère efficace chez le lot TolG. La gestation semble jouer un effet modérateur sur la nocivité et la neurotoxicité du toluène, probablement par des neurostéroïdes.

Résumé: Abstract La depression est installée suite aux perturbations des activités de l’axe corticotrope et du système immunitaire. L’objectif de cette étude est d'explorer les effets du ketoconazole (KTCZ), un dérivé d'imidazole, inhibiteur de stréroїdogénèse surrénalienne, sur les variations du nombre de globules blancs totaux et des pourcentages des sous-populations leucocytaires, au cours de la nage forcée chez le rat, modèle animal de dépression. Des cathéters ont été implantés sous anesthésie générale dans la veine jugulaire droite et des prises de sang (0.2 ml) ont été réalisées à des intervalles de temps de 15 minutes, alors que les animaux se comportaient librement pendant les expériences. Le degré d’anxiété et de l’activité locomotrice des rats ont été mesurés au labyrinthe en croix surélevé. L'amélioration des comportements des rats traités au KTCZ suggérerait que le corticostérone soit le médiateur le plus important dans la pathogénie de la dépression.

Résumé: RÉSUMÉ Cette thématique vise à étudier les effets du stress post-traumatique et la dépression sur les capacités adaptatives de l’organisme ainsi que sur les interactions entre les systèmes immunitaires (SI) et neuroendocrinien (SNE). Les résultats montrent que, chez les sujets reconnus dépressifs, l’augmentation de la cortisolémie est corrélée simultanément à une immunosuppression (humorale et cellulaire) et à une baisse remarquable de la testostéronémie. En revanche, les sujets ayant subit un PTSD présentent une cortisolémie remarquablement faible avec une baisse de l’immunité (humorale et cellulaire) et également une chute de la testostéronémie. Les variations de la réponse immunitaire semblent être liées au sexe; on constate une immunosuppression chez les femmes déprimées par rapport aux hommes alors que ces derniers présentent une chute de la réponse immunitaire lorsqu’ils subissent un PTSD. Le SNE, via les axes corticotrope et gonadotrope, est capable de moduler la fonction immunitaire par la voie cognitive ou par des signaux venant du SI

Résumé: Ce travail contribue à la mise en évidence d’interrelations entre le système neuroendocrinien et le système immunitaire chez un modèle diabétique soumis à un stress chronique cognitif à l’éther. Les résultats révèlent l’effet de différents traitements sur les métabolismes glucidiques, lipidiques et sur le système de détoxification. En effet, l’administration de la streptozotocine a induit un diabète, révélé par une hyperglycémie durable associée à une augmentation significative des triglycérides, du cholestérol et d’une diminution du glutathion réduit. L’addition du stress montre une altération de la riposte des sujets diabétiques en comparaison avec les normo-glycémiques, au niveau métabolique et endocrinien.

Résumé: Cette thématique vise à étudier les effets du stress post-traumatique et la dépression sur les capacités adaptatives de l’organisme ainsi que sur les interactions entre les systèmes immunitaires (SI) et neuroendocrinien (SNE). Les résultats montrent que, chez les sujets reconnus dépressifs, l’augmentation de la cortisolémie est corrélée simultanément à une immunosuppression (humorale et cellulaire) et à une baisse remarquable de la testostéronémie. En revanche, les sujets ayant subit un PTSD présentent une cortisolémie remarquablement faible avec une baisse de l’immunité (humorale et cellulaire) et également une chute de la testostéronémie. Les variations de la réponse immunitaire semblent être liées au sexe; on constate une immunosuppression chez les femmes déprimées par rapport aux hommes alors que ces derniers présentent une chute de la réponse immunitaire lorsqu’ils subissent un PTSD. Le SNE, via les axes corticotrope et gonadotrope, est capable de moduler la fonction immunitaire par la voie cognitive ou par des signaux venant du SI.