Résumé: The significance of physical outdoor play is well-established, benefiting child development across multiple dimensions, including physical, psychological, social, and cognitive aspects. Given that children spend a significant portion of their time at school, it is crucial that their recreational needs are met through the outdoor spaces available within these institutions, primarily the playground. This study focuses on the primary users of this space—the students—and investigates their preferences regarding the use of the playground. We selected Belhamzaoui Abdelaziz School as a pilot case, developing criteria related to the configuration and design of the space, which guided the development of a student questionnaire and the conduct of field observations. The results of this study reveal the degree of alignment between the students' preferences and the existing conditions of the playground, providing insights that could guide potential redesigns, serve as a model for further analysis, or inform new designs. KEYWORDS: child, outdoor play, playground, elementary school, usage preferences.

Résumé: At all times, fortifications have shaped the collective imagination of human societies. Located in the city center, the casbah of Annaba is one of the town's most emblematic monuments. Built in the medieval period, it was listed as a historic monument in 1978. However today, the monument is ignored and remains enigmatic and understudied. In fact, the architecture of this monument seems contemporary, while the remains of the medieval period seem to have completely disappeared. Consequently, this paper sets out to retrace the historical development of this monument and its architectural and morphological evolution, and also to reconstruct its initial configuration during the medieval and modern periods, using archive documents and historical sources. The study revealed that the spatial and functional configuration was completely different in the modern and medieval periods. The aim of this research is to facilitate the opening of archaeological excavations in advance of any enhancement and restoration work on this cultural monument. Keywords: Casbah; Annaba; Military Fortification; Defensive Architecture; Military Heritage