Résumé: Cet article retrace l’histoire et l’architecture de l'hôpital Ibn Rochd à Bône (actuellement Annaba, en Algérie), également connu sous le nom du « Nouvel hôpital », l'un des plus importants établissements hospitaliers de la commune. Construit entre 1947 et 1958 sur les hauteurs de la ville, durant la période coloniale française, il a été conçu par l’architecte Xavier Salvador, dans le cadre d’un programme de réorganisation hospitalière qui visait à remédier à l’insuffisance des infrastructures de santé et à répondre aux besoins sanitaires de la population européenne. Xavier Salvador, alors inspecteur d'architecture au gouvernement général et conseiller technique du directeur de la santé publique, était l’un des principaux spécialistes de la construction hospitalière moderne en Algérie, à qui l’on avait déjà confié la conception des hôpitaux de Sétif, de Sidi Bel Abbés et de Miliana. Cependant, la période de construction du Nouvel hôpital a été marquée par des événements majeurs, à l’instar du contexte de l’après-Seconde Guerre mondiale, de la réapparition de certaines épidémies, des déséquilibres budgétaires, des priorités militaires et des tensions liées au déclenchement de la Guerre de Libération Nationale. Notre problématique s’interroge sur les enjeux et les difficultés rencontrés lors de la construction de l’hôpital Ibn Rochd. L’objectif principal consiste à mettre en lumière les difficultés liées à la réalisation d'un projet hospitalier dans un contexte politique et économique complexe, à travers l’étude des dynamiques historiques et architecturales qui ont guidé sa conception et son exécution. La recherche repose sur une démarche historique et descriptive, fondée sur l’exploitation d’un corpus archivistique diversifié comprenant les archives communales d’Annaba, les archives provinciales de Constantine et les archives nationales d’Alger. L’analyse comparative entre la conception initiale et le projet réellement exécuté, a mis en évidence un écart considérable : seulement 49% de la conception originelle de l’année 1947 fut achevée au moment de son inauguration en 1958. La capacité visée au début était comprise entre 1000 et 1050 lits, alors qu’au moment de l’inauguration on ne comptait que 600 lits, dont les deux tiers étaient réservés au service de santé militaire, conférant ainsi à cet établissement un statut d’hôpital mixte. Bien que partiellement réalisé, le Nouvel hôpital constitue le premier exemple d’architecture hospitalière moderne dans la région. L’organisation rationnelle des services, le plan en peigne et en double croix et la structure en béton armé s’inspirent du modèle de l’hôpital Beaujon à Clichy, représentatif du fonctionnalisme hospitalier. Après l'indépendance, l'établissement a connu une succession de modifications et d'extensions, souvent menées sans études préalables et sans tenir compte de l'étape primordiale du diagnostic urbain, engendrant un ensemble architectural et fonctionnel hétérogène. Ce constat souligne l’importance de cette recherche, qui contribue à la revalorisation du patrimoine hospitalier, souvent marginalisé dans les politiques de santé publique et d’urbanisme contemporain.

Résumé: This study investigates the factors influencing residential preferences for detached houses in North-Central Algeria, as well as the associated social and architectural representations, in order to forecast future housing developments and impose structure on the disorder arising from the proliferation of this model nationwide. The research also examines the conceptual representations and idealized frameworks of this architectural production through a qualitative methodology utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire survey conducted with its creators. NVivo text analysis software was employed to reconstruct recurring themes in residents’ discourse, and word clouds were produced. The analysis results reveal that residential decisions are shaped by both rational and emotional factors – most notably by economic status – and by a “residential imaginary” characterized by frustration and perseverance. These findings highlight the complex interplay between socioeconomic realities and subjective aspirations in shaping housing preferences in North-Central Algeria.

Résumé: The transformations taking place in suburban housing developments are marked by rapid and obviousevolution, both in the urban landscape and in architecture. Therefore, it is essential to understand and evaluate these changes in order to determine their influence on these housing complexes. The purpose of this research aims to explore the connections between morphological and socio-economic changes in the Bon Accueil housing estate, which is located in the heart of Guelma city in northeastern Algeria. To achieve this, a comprehensive sociological field study was conducted using a survey. The collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. On-site alterations to the built environment were categorized into four types: demolition and reconstruction, home extension, minor alterations and embellishments, and fence changes. According to the statistical analysis, these modifications are associated with socio-economic developments. Each form of transformation in the built environment corresponds to a number of socio-economic indicators, including family structure, the number of families per dwelling, the occupation of the household head, inheritance, the type of housing occupation, increases in land and property values, and social rules. The results indicate that adapting the living environment to family projects results in continual evolution: as the family solves new difficulties and meets new needs, the building expands and becomes more complex, reflecting a dynamic lifestyle.

Résumé: This study investigates the history of the French colonial architecture of schools in the city of Annaba (ex Bône) in Algeria by spotlighting the buildings and their characteristics to identify the links between educational colonial policies, primary school architecture, and the context of their creation. This historical perspective enhances our understanding regarding the evolution of the architecture of Bône primary schools. Although the construction of public infrastructure at that time followed the movement of building Algerian cities to occidental standards, the issue of education and the construction of primary schools was extremely political, since French public instruction in Algeria was an integral part of the political project of colonial conquest. Primary school was a powerful tool of moral conquest; it began with a civilising mission then shifted to assimilation and integration. The evolution of the production of primary schools testifies to the seal of the various colonial educational policies, laws, and successive reforms that spread over this period, which influenced the school and its architecture.

Résumé: The normative urban rule is a technical and hygienic rule which is essentially concerned with the rights to build on the land. Designed according to a purely quantitative vision, it constitutes a rigid regulation which imposes itself as a constraint devoid of meaning. Its dysfunctions and failures have led to its rejection and the emergence of a new trend: the urban project. This concept was nourished by the theoretical debates on historic centres in Italy around the 1960s. Following the example of Algerian cities, Annaba has witnessed the emergence of various emblematic projects in recent years. In order to know whether the approach followed is that of an urban project, a comparison of urban management between Annaba and three European cities has been made in this work. This study allows for the redefinition of the existing urban planning tools in order to put in place other innovative and more efficient ones.